1
00:00:07,190 --> 00:00:04,150
[Music]

2
00:00:09,230 --> 00:00:07,200
hello everybody my name is Michael and

3
00:00:11,209 --> 00:00:09,240
I'm a science teacher at Red Bluff High

4
00:00:14,480 --> 00:00:11,219
School and I'd like to welcome all of

5
00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:14,490
you to the first live spirit live stream

6
00:00:19,910 --> 00:00:18,330
Red Bluff High School NASA Ames Lassen

7
00:00:23,109 --> 00:00:19,920
Volcanic National Park

8
00:00:26,660 --> 00:00:23,119
astrobiology student intern public

9
00:00:30,589 --> 00:00:26,670
presentation huh I didn't know if I

10
00:00:33,350 --> 00:00:30,599
could get that out normally we would be

11
00:00:36,979 --> 00:00:33,360
doing this in our PA C on campus a red

12
00:00:37,940 --> 00:00:36,989
bluff Heights obviously this year isn't

13
00:00:41,350 --> 00:00:37,950
normal

14
00:00:44,150 --> 00:00:41,360
we are all dealing with challenges all

15
00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:44,160
dealing with stuff and it's just beyond

16
00:00:48,950 --> 00:00:47,010
our control before we get started all of

17
00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:48,960
us really really truly hope that you're

18
00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:51,360
all safe you're all healthy those around

19
00:00:56,740 --> 00:00:53,550
you are the same and you're in a good

20
00:00:59,900 --> 00:00:56,750
spot to hopefully enjoy an hour or so of

21
00:01:06,260 --> 00:00:59,910
enlightenment from some amazing students

22
00:01:08,390 --> 00:01:06,270
that we have here since 2008 at Red

23
00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:08,400
Bluff high we've had a program that's

24
00:01:14,090 --> 00:01:10,890
partnered with Lassen Volcanic National

25
00:01:17,990 --> 00:01:14,100
Park and then also NASA's Ames Research

26
00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:18,000
Center and a lot of times we throw out

27
00:01:22,580 --> 00:01:21,090
terms like one of a kind and when we say

28
00:01:26,149 --> 00:01:22,590
one of a kind we just kind of are

29
00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:26,159
oblivious to that really needs I really

30
00:01:29,719 --> 00:01:27,450
want to stress to you that this is a

31
00:01:32,539 --> 00:01:29,729
one-of-a-kind partnership between these

32
00:01:36,770 --> 00:01:32,549
three agencies there is no other high

33
00:01:40,039 --> 00:01:36,780
school no other NASA facility no other

34
00:01:42,710 --> 00:01:40,049
national park that is involved with

35
00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:42,720
research the way that these three

36
00:01:48,050 --> 00:01:45,450
agencies are involved here at Red Bluff

37
00:01:50,330 --> 00:01:48,060
high school night our goal is to share

38
00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:50,340
with you a little bit about what it is

39
00:01:56,959 --> 00:01:53,970
that we actually do before I do that I

40
00:02:00,109 --> 00:01:56,969
just want to talk a little bit about the

41
00:02:03,679 --> 00:02:00,119
impact the program really has on Red

42
00:02:05,450 --> 00:02:03,689
Bluff High School as a partnership and

43
00:02:09,529 --> 00:02:05,460
like I said it's a one-of-a-kind thing

44
00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:09,539
it is the only possible through

45
00:02:18,650 --> 00:02:15,740
now this cooperation begins with these

46
00:02:23,570 --> 00:02:18,660
three agencies but it extends beyond

47
00:02:25,780 --> 00:02:23,580
that into our community as well now what

48
00:02:29,810 --> 00:02:25,790
we really do with this program then is

49
00:02:32,870 --> 00:02:29,820
we go up to lassen park and we don't

50
00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:32,880
just learn science we don't just

51
00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:35,730
memorize science we actually practice

52
00:02:40,940 --> 00:02:38,610
science up there and what I'm referring

53
00:02:44,030 --> 00:02:40,950
to is actually the process of science

54
00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:44,040
that students for years whether it goes

55
00:02:49,010 --> 00:02:46,170
back in time to the first scientist out

56
00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:49,020
there to modern day students for years

57
00:02:54,610 --> 00:02:51,990
have really done and it's built around

58
00:02:56,810 --> 00:02:54,620
the whole idea of the observation and

59
00:02:58,400 --> 00:02:56,820
students observe things and people

60
00:02:59,570 --> 00:02:58,410
observe things and from what they

61
00:03:02,150 --> 00:02:59,580
observe and when they make these

62
00:03:04,130 --> 00:03:02,160
observations they naturally question

63
00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:04,140
what's going on and after these

64
00:03:09,920 --> 00:03:06,920
questions are formed they then start to

65
00:03:14,330 --> 00:03:09,930
come up with a reason an explanation a

66
00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:14,340
hypothesis or exactly that what exactly

67
00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:17,730
is going on with that observation once

68
00:03:22,940 --> 00:03:19,890
they've been able to question that

69
00:03:25,820 --> 00:03:22,950
format hypothesis they then experiment

70
00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:25,830
and test and this is done at all levels

71
00:03:32,090 --> 00:03:29,610
we're seeing it right now at levels in

72
00:03:35,390 --> 00:03:32,100
our nation that will hopefully bring us

73
00:03:37,460 --> 00:03:35,400
back teens to tremendous obstacles

74
00:03:41,030 --> 00:03:37,470
challenges illnesses that are facing us

75
00:03:43,580 --> 00:03:41,040
as a society right now our students are

76
00:03:46,220 --> 00:03:43,590
practicing this process right now in the

77
00:03:48,650 --> 00:03:46,230
field as high school students and the

78
00:03:50,150 --> 00:03:48,660
reason why this is so unique is that we

79
00:03:53,150 --> 00:03:50,160
don't have other high schools that do

80
00:03:56,690 --> 00:03:53,160
this this is it like I said before Red

81
00:03:58,850 --> 00:03:56,700
Bluff is in a tremendous fortune

82
00:04:00,500 --> 00:03:58,860
tremendously fortunate position they

83
00:04:06,290 --> 00:04:00,510
have this partnership while they're able

84
00:04:09,290 --> 00:04:06,300
to conduct this research now these

85
00:04:14,300 --> 00:04:09,300
students as they are doing this they are

86
00:04:16,190 --> 00:04:14,310
being guided not just by features the

87
00:04:18,620 --> 00:04:16,200
leader that read the high school but it

88
00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:18,630
also brings in partnerships with these

89
00:04:23,540 --> 00:04:21,690
other two agencies and right now what

90
00:04:25,939 --> 00:04:23,550
I'd like to do is kind of turn it over

91
00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:25,949
to them a little bit and explain

92
00:04:31,159 --> 00:04:28,650
the impact with this program really as

93
00:04:32,989 --> 00:04:31,169
on them and and and the role that they

94
00:04:36,969 --> 00:04:32,999
play in educating these students as well

95
00:04:39,980 --> 00:04:36,979
and so we have two actually three total

96
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:39,990
individuals that are representing our

97
00:04:45,890 --> 00:04:42,930
other partners here first off I would

98
00:04:49,119 --> 00:04:45,900
like to introduce education specialist

99
00:04:51,170 --> 00:04:49,129
Ranger Tammy Boyd and then also

100
00:04:53,749 --> 00:04:51,180
superintendent James Richardson and

101
00:04:55,129 --> 00:04:53,759
these individuals are both are both

102
00:04:57,679 --> 00:04:55,139
represented Lassen Volcanic National

103
00:04:59,990 --> 00:04:57,689
Park and together they are very

104
00:05:01,519 --> 00:05:00,000
instrumental in providing our students

105
00:05:04,070 --> 00:05:01,529
the opportunity to conduct this research

106
00:05:06,170 --> 00:05:04,080
up there I believe that I'm

107
00:05:08,719 --> 00:05:06,180
superintendent Richardson is going to be

108
00:05:15,019 --> 00:05:08,729
in and say a few words about the impact

109
00:05:20,390 --> 00:05:15,029
program has on last part good evening

110
00:05:24,260 --> 00:05:20,400
and congratulations to all students were

111
00:05:29,230 --> 00:05:24,270
very proud of you completing the program

112
00:05:34,779 --> 00:05:29,240
and carrying on this great tradition

113
00:05:38,600 --> 00:05:34,789
this more than anything else this is an

114
00:05:44,110 --> 00:05:38,610
opportunity for you to learn and

115
00:05:49,459 --> 00:05:44,120
practice the scientific method and we as

116
00:05:53,209 --> 00:05:49,469
mr. Michael has just explained that you

117
00:05:57,740 --> 00:05:53,219
need look no farther than the nightly

118
00:06:02,029 --> 00:05:57,750
news about vaccines and other

119
00:06:05,510 --> 00:06:02,039
information that's going on with the

120
00:06:08,889 --> 00:06:05,520
coronavirus to to know how important

121
00:06:12,619 --> 00:06:08,899
science and the scientific method is

122
00:06:17,269 --> 00:06:12,629
it's so applicable to so many things in

123
00:06:23,540 --> 00:06:17,279
your life and your future business and

124
00:06:28,990 --> 00:06:23,550
jobs so we are very proud to support

125
00:06:40,110 --> 00:06:29,000
that effort and congratulate you on on

126
00:06:47,290 --> 00:06:44,800
Thank You superintendent Richardson next

127
00:06:50,350 --> 00:06:47,300
up I'd like to introduce dr. Dave Maury

128
00:06:53,770 --> 00:06:50,360
he is the represent NASA's Ames Research

129
00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:53,780
Center and NASA has a variety of

130
00:06:57,580 --> 00:06:55,370
research facilities spread throughout

131
00:07:00,400 --> 00:06:57,590
the United States Ames Research Center

132
00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:00,410
is closest to us here in Red Bluff and

133
00:07:04,810 --> 00:07:02,450
they have been very interested in lassen

134
00:07:07,090 --> 00:07:04,820
Park for years Lassen Volcanic National

135
00:07:08,860 --> 00:07:07,100
Park for years and so I'm just gonna

136
00:07:12,310 --> 00:07:08,870
hand it over to dr. day Maury and let

137
00:07:15,100 --> 00:07:12,320
him kind of continue sharing with us the

138
00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:15,110
the involvement of NASA's Ames Research

139
00:07:22,510 --> 00:07:19,490
Center thank you we have entered a

140
00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:22,520
golden age of space exploration new

141
00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:24,770
technologies have created spacecraft

142
00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:26,810
that are not only highly capable that

143
00:07:32,740 --> 00:07:29,450
are remarkably resilient and long-lived

144
00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:32,750
and technology has also allowed an

145
00:07:37,690 --> 00:07:34,970
engaged public to become more involved

146
00:07:40,750 --> 00:07:37,700
in space exploration and the science

147
00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:40,760
that it has enabled but despite these

148
00:07:47,070 --> 00:07:44,000
new technologies distant destinations

149
00:07:49,780 --> 00:07:47,080
such as Mars still strongly constrained

150
00:07:52,750 --> 00:07:49,790
capabilities of spacecraft and our

151
00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:52,760
communication with them but still we

152
00:07:57,100 --> 00:07:54,770
have been able to employ strategies that

153
00:08:01,090 --> 00:07:57,110
were available long ago to geologists

154
00:08:03,790 --> 00:08:01,100
chemists and Atmospheric Sciences II and

155
00:08:06,310 --> 00:08:03,800
they were very effective those

156
00:08:08,860 --> 00:08:06,320
time-honored strategies followed proven

157
00:08:11,110 --> 00:08:08,870
principles of field research first

158
00:08:14,290 --> 00:08:11,120
conduct reconnaissance of the field area

159
00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:14,300
to grasp its geographic context and to

160
00:08:19,230 --> 00:08:16,730
develop initial impressions about the

161
00:08:22,570 --> 00:08:19,240
processes that might have shaped it

162
00:08:25,390 --> 00:08:22,580
second visit key locations to make

163
00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:25,400
observations and take samples in order

164
00:08:31,630 --> 00:08:28,130
to formulate hypotheses about those

165
00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:31,640
processes then analyze the samples and

166
00:08:37,180 --> 00:08:34,130
laboratories and conduct experiments to

167
00:08:38,820 --> 00:08:37,190
test the hypotheses incorporate all

168
00:08:41,050 --> 00:08:38,830
these findings into refined

169
00:08:44,020 --> 00:08:41,060
interpretations of the field area

170
00:08:46,570 --> 00:08:44,030
finally write reports and make oral

171
00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:46,580
presentations to solicit critical

172
00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:48,290
reviews by the scientific

173
00:08:54,670 --> 00:08:52,370
community as a result ask add to the

174
00:08:57,310 --> 00:08:54,680
foundation of scientific knowledge and

175
00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:57,320
address any implications the study might

176
00:09:02,499 --> 00:08:59,360
have about our world and perhaps also

177
00:09:05,710 --> 00:09:02,509
about other worlds by pursuing the

178
00:09:07,870 --> 00:09:05,720
strategy of follow the water NASA and

179
00:09:11,170 --> 00:09:07,880
the European Space Agency have

180
00:09:14,769 --> 00:09:11,180
documented evidence of widespread water

181
00:09:17,139 --> 00:09:14,779
activity on ancient Mars but the sheer

182
00:09:20,050 --> 00:09:17,149
number of these discoveries presents a

183
00:09:22,949 --> 00:09:20,060
new challenge which of these promising

184
00:09:25,689 --> 00:09:22,959
places most likely hosted ancient life

185
00:09:28,030 --> 00:09:25,699
given our limited number of visits to

186
00:09:31,269 --> 00:09:28,040
the surface of Mars we must determine

187
00:09:34,540 --> 00:09:31,279
which few sites are most promising and

188
00:09:36,220 --> 00:09:34,550
when we visit a promising site we must

189
00:09:39,939 --> 00:09:36,230
know how to look for the crucial

190
00:09:41,980 --> 00:09:39,949
evidence renoir High School lesson

191
00:09:44,769 --> 00:09:41,990
volcanic National Park and NASA Ames

192
00:09:46,780 --> 00:09:44,779
Research Center have developed a course

193
00:09:49,090 --> 00:09:46,790
where students have pursued those proven

194
00:09:51,939 --> 00:09:49,100
strategies of field research that I

195
00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:51,949
mentioned earlier we selected Warner

196
00:09:57,519 --> 00:09:54,290
Valley in Lassen Volcanic National Park

197
00:10:01,090 --> 00:09:57,529
because it is a modern exist modern

198
00:10:04,780 --> 00:10:01,100
example or analog of certain promising

199
00:10:07,420 --> 00:10:04,790
sites on Mars this class has gained many

200
00:10:10,750 --> 00:10:07,430
of the perspectives and insights that

201
00:10:13,930 --> 00:10:10,760
NASA seeks as we search for evidence of

202
00:10:15,790 --> 00:10:13,940
life on Mars and elsewhere and the

203
00:10:18,250 --> 00:10:15,800
achievements by this class are very

204
00:10:20,490 --> 00:10:18,260
important because theirs is the

205
00:10:27,330 --> 00:10:20,500
generation that will continue the search

206
00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:31,390
thank you Dave and we're gonna move on

207
00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:34,970
now and and kind of get to the heart of

208
00:10:40,570 --> 00:10:37,040
the reason why that we're we're all here

209
00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:40,580
today and really that's about students

210
00:10:47,950 --> 00:10:43,880
that's about these interns here there

211
00:10:50,140 --> 00:10:47,960
were 18 interns in this course for these

212
00:10:51,850 --> 00:10:50,150
interns were in it for a second year so

213
00:10:53,740 --> 00:10:51,860
that we refer to them simply a

214
00:10:56,830 --> 00:10:53,750
second-year interns creative isn't it

215
00:11:00,150 --> 00:10:56,840
and then the other 14 or were first-year

216
00:11:02,860 --> 00:11:00,160
interns the second-year interns were

217
00:11:06,070 --> 00:11:02,870
held accountable in a leadership role

218
00:11:08,500 --> 00:11:06,080
they were involved with groups that they

219
00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:08,510
led invited and kind of instructed on

220
00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:12,170
how to conduct research and analyze the

221
00:11:15,910 --> 00:11:13,970
research once it once it was conducted

222
00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:15,920
and the first-year interns were just

223
00:11:22,150 --> 00:11:18,650
simply being introduced to the gathering

224
00:11:24,340 --> 00:11:22,160
the observation the experiment setup the

225
00:11:26,500 --> 00:11:24,350
analysis of the results of the

226
00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:26,510
experiment just being introduced the

227
00:11:34,270 --> 00:11:32,170
entire process in general now this year

228
00:11:35,950 --> 00:11:34,280
well I'm just gonna let them kind of

229
00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:35,960
tell you about what they did with the

230
00:11:41,410 --> 00:11:38,170
year and they have another a

231
00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:41,420
presentation for this normally they'd be

232
00:11:47,650 --> 00:11:45,530
doing this live in-person due to the

233
00:11:49,180 --> 00:11:47,660
events that we're facing we can't do

234
00:11:52,660 --> 00:11:49,190
that unfortunately but they have

235
00:11:54,310 --> 00:11:52,670
pre-recorded it for you they have done

236
00:11:57,730 --> 00:11:54,320
things with this recording in this

237
00:12:00,280 --> 00:11:57,740
presentation that I personally him

238
00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:00,290
couldn't do and I greatly respect and

239
00:12:06,370 --> 00:12:04,400
appreciate their ability to do this and

240
00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:06,380
so I'm just gonna step back now and

241
00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:08,300
allow you to kind of follow along and

242
00:12:13,300 --> 00:12:10,370
watch and they're going to explain to

243
00:12:16,540 --> 00:12:13,310
you basically what we did over the

244
00:12:22,630 --> 00:12:16,550
course of this year so with that I think

245
00:12:28,670 --> 00:12:26,120
hello everyone my name is TC Drury and

246
00:12:31,100 --> 00:12:28,680
I'm a second year intern I'll be your

247
00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:31,110
master of ceremonies for tonight I like

248
00:12:36,080 --> 00:12:33,890
to welcome you to the 2019 2020

249
00:12:39,170 --> 00:12:36,090
astrobiology internship program

250
00:12:41,330 --> 00:12:39,180
presentation we'd like to thank everyone

251
00:12:43,940 --> 00:12:41,340
for watching this virtual presentation

252
00:12:49,970 --> 00:12:43,950
as current circumstances do not allow us

253
00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:52,800
in our presentation we will discuss the

254
00:12:56,750 --> 00:12:54,370
work we've been conducting at that

255
00:12:59,430 --> 00:12:56,760
Lassen Volcanic National Park this year

256
00:13:03,470 --> 00:12:59,440
to give some context we will begin by

257
00:13:06,060 --> 00:13:03,480
answer the question what is astrobiology

258
00:13:08,610 --> 00:13:06,070
we will then consider why we are

259
00:13:11,370 --> 00:13:08,620
interested in lassen in the context of

260
00:13:13,140 --> 00:13:11,380
astrobiology and we'll go over the key

261
00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:13,150
requirements for life and how they are

262
00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:16,530
found at lassen volcanic national park

263
00:13:21,900 --> 00:13:19,330
then after going over the main focus of

264
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:21,910
our study we will review our field trip

265
00:13:25,890 --> 00:13:23,770
that we took this year and the field

266
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:25,900
methods both of which allowed us to

267
00:13:30,810 --> 00:13:28,810
carry out this study we will then

268
00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:30,820
examine each of our field sites within

269
00:13:36,890 --> 00:13:33,370
Warner Valley a region in the southeast

270
00:13:39,480 --> 00:13:36,900
portion of Lassen Volcanic National Park

271
00:13:41,460 --> 00:13:39,490
this will be followed by a discussion on

272
00:13:45,570 --> 00:13:41,470
the lab experiments we conducted based

273
00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:45,580
on our field site observations finally

274
00:13:49,050 --> 00:13:47,130
we will present our field site

275
00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:49,060
interpretations and conclude the

276
00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:51,340
presentation by explaining the

277
00:13:55,920 --> 00:13:53,650
significance of our study along with the

278
00:14:00,150 --> 00:13:55,930
personal impact the program had on all

279
00:14:06,570 --> 00:14:00,160
of us students katie will now begin by

280
00:14:12,370 --> 00:14:10,060
astrobiology is the study of the origin

281
00:14:15,490 --> 00:14:12,380
evolution and distribution of life in

282
00:14:17,380 --> 00:14:15,500
the universe study and astrobiology

283
00:14:19,990 --> 00:14:17,390
includes understanding the origins of

284
00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:20,000
life studying the habitability of other

285
00:14:25,210 --> 00:14:22,910
planets research and extremophiles and

286
00:14:26,530 --> 00:14:25,220
environments on earth and searching for

287
00:14:29,470 --> 00:14:26,540
life on other planets

288
00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:29,480
Ashgate will now introduce us to lassen

289
00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:38,280
Lassen Volcanic National Park is a main

290
00:14:42,420 --> 00:14:40,450
focus of this program an important

291
00:14:44,610 --> 00:14:42,430
aspect of the park is the hydrothermal

292
00:14:46,410 --> 00:14:44,620
system that is found there which can be

293
00:14:49,170 --> 00:14:46,420
compared to similar systems found on

294
00:14:50,940 --> 00:14:49,180
Mars and other rocky planets microbial

295
00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:50,950
life thrives in this environment

296
00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:52,720
therefore by researching and

297
00:14:56,670 --> 00:14:54,490
experimenting at sites and Lassen

298
00:14:58,470 --> 00:14:56,680
Volcanic National Park we can learn more

299
00:15:00,210 --> 00:14:58,480
information about other terrestrial

300
00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:00,220
planets and searching for life on them

301
00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:02,890
by performing field investigations at

302
00:15:06,990 --> 00:15:05,050
lassen we can learn what conditions

303
00:15:08,519 --> 00:15:07,000
support life and apply the results to

304
00:15:10,650 --> 00:15:08,529
similar environments found on other

305
00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:10,660
planets and become one step closer to

306
00:15:15,269 --> 00:15:13,210
finding life outside of Earth but it

307
00:15:17,340 --> 00:15:15,279
doesn't stop there we can also learn

308
00:15:19,110 --> 00:15:17,350
more about life on early Earth since

309
00:15:21,510 --> 00:15:19,120
hydrothermal systems we're a common

310
00:15:23,640 --> 00:15:21,520
feature millions of years ago by

311
00:15:25,230 --> 00:15:23,650
researching microbial life on lassen we

312
00:15:27,150 --> 00:15:25,240
can learn about the early periods of

313
00:15:29,070 --> 00:15:27,160
life on Earth now that we know that

314
00:15:31,260 --> 00:15:29,080
lassen is a gateway in the search for

315
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:31,270
life so he'll will explain the specific

316
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:33,010
conditions that are necessary for the

317
00:15:42,650 --> 00:15:40,879
to sustain all life as we know it there

318
00:15:44,689 --> 00:15:42,660
are four key requirements which must be

319
00:15:47,470 --> 00:15:44,699
met at all times in order to achieve

320
00:15:49,759 --> 00:15:47,480
habitability as represented on the right

321
00:15:52,220 --> 00:15:49,769
primarily there must be a presence of

322
00:15:53,889 --> 00:15:52,230
raw materials basic materials for all

323
00:15:57,019 --> 00:15:53,899
life are depicted in a Venn diagram

324
00:16:00,379 --> 00:15:57,029
these include carbon hydrogen nitrogen

325
00:16:03,109 --> 00:16:00,389
oxygen phosphorus sulfur key metals and

326
00:16:05,659 --> 00:16:03,119
electrons next for any organism to do

327
00:16:07,189 --> 00:16:05,669
work it requires energy and this can be

328
00:16:09,319 --> 00:16:07,199
obtained from either a chemical or a

329
00:16:11,259 --> 00:16:09,329
light source the condition of the

330
00:16:13,539 --> 00:16:11,269
environment such as temperature and pH

331
00:16:16,129 --> 00:16:13,549
additionally determine the habitability

332
00:16:18,559 --> 00:16:16,139
generally complex organisms required

333
00:16:20,329 --> 00:16:18,569
climate conditions regardless of the raw

334
00:16:22,759 --> 00:16:20,339
materials energy or conditions present

335
00:16:24,530 --> 00:16:22,769
at the site in order to support life an

336
00:16:26,659 --> 00:16:24,540
environment requires something that

337
00:16:29,720 --> 00:16:26,669
allows all the chemical processes within

338
00:16:32,689 --> 00:16:29,730
the organism to occur this is a solvent

339
00:16:34,099 --> 00:16:32,699
a solvent permits of the molecules of

340
00:16:36,349 --> 00:16:34,109
life to quickly react with one another

341
00:16:38,659 --> 00:16:36,359
and form any chemistry in the organism

342
00:16:41,449 --> 00:16:38,669
needs to survive for any form of life on

343
00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:41,459
earth the solvent is water the four

344
00:16:46,100 --> 00:16:43,290
requirements together make an

345
00:16:48,049 --> 00:16:46,110
environment habitable the Venn diagram

346
00:16:50,139 --> 00:16:48,059
illustrates its relation with the H in

347
00:16:52,429 --> 00:16:50,149
the center symbolizing habitability

348
00:16:54,319 --> 00:16:52,439
Lassen Volcanic National Park was our

349
00:16:56,539 --> 00:16:54,329
focus of study because the mountain

350
00:16:58,189 --> 00:16:56,549
exhibited a variety of each requirement

351
00:17:00,409 --> 00:16:58,199
some field sites posted higher

352
00:17:01,850 --> 00:17:00,419
temperatures and lower pH while others

353
00:17:03,829 --> 00:17:01,860
possessed a more neutral pH and lower

354
00:17:05,750 --> 00:17:03,839
temperatures the difference in

355
00:17:07,759 --> 00:17:05,760
conditions and rolla may abandon smade

356
00:17:10,009 --> 00:17:07,769
Warner Valley a particular point of

357
00:17:12,799 --> 00:17:10,019
interest and thus it was selected for

358
00:17:15,470 --> 00:17:12,809
our research next first-year intern

359
00:17:19,810 --> 00:17:15,480
Reece Gambetta will talk about our field

360
00:17:24,010 --> 00:17:21,730
our field trip took place on September

361
00:17:25,420 --> 00:17:24,020
19th to the 20th we left for Warner

362
00:17:28,150 --> 00:17:25,430
Valley and vans in the morning of the

363
00:17:29,650 --> 00:17:28,160
19th after arriving at the campsite we

364
00:17:32,410 --> 00:17:29,660
hiked up the valley taking observations

365
00:17:34,180 --> 00:17:32,420
of each field site we went after hiking

366
00:17:36,850 --> 00:17:34,190
to each field site we set up our tents

367
00:17:39,490 --> 00:17:36,860
and a dinner after dinner we watched a

368
00:17:41,590 --> 00:17:39,500
astrobiology presentation the next day

369
00:17:43,150 --> 00:17:41,600
we broke into groups and hiked back to

370
00:17:45,700 --> 00:17:43,160
our designated field sites to collect

371
00:17:47,230 --> 00:17:45,710
microbe and water samples we then packed

372
00:17:49,180 --> 00:17:47,240
up our belongings and returned back to

373
00:17:51,550 --> 00:17:49,190
the high school Andreea will now talk

374
00:17:55,190 --> 00:17:51,560
about the field methods we used during

375
00:18:00,890 --> 00:17:57,980
as we sampled a Warner Valley an

376
00:18:03,710 --> 00:18:00,900
important and heavily used method was

377
00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:03,720
the measurement of pH at Cana 2d what is

378
00:18:09,530 --> 00:18:06,570
pH pH is a scale that measures from 0 to

379
00:18:13,070 --> 00:18:09,540
14 measuring the city and alkalinity of

380
00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:13,080
a solution if a pH is below 7 then it is

381
00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:15,570
an acid meaning it has more hydrogen

382
00:18:21,620 --> 00:18:18,210
ions in solution like stomach acid if

383
00:18:24,650 --> 00:18:21,630
the pH is above 7 its basic like bleach

384
00:18:27,170 --> 00:18:24,660
with few hydrogen ions what is

385
00:18:29,420 --> 00:18:27,180
connectivity connectivity can be defined

386
00:18:32,030 --> 00:18:29,430
as the total dissolved solutes in a

387
00:18:34,460 --> 00:18:32,040
solution the higher the connectivity the

388
00:18:36,230 --> 00:18:34,470
more solutes dissolved connectivity is

389
00:18:38,270 --> 00:18:36,240
measured in a unit called micro Siemens

390
00:18:41,090 --> 00:18:38,280
the measurement of electrical

391
00:18:43,250 --> 00:18:41,100
conductance of a substance and both

392
00:18:45,650 --> 00:18:43,260
meters temperatures use the Celsius

393
00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:45,660
scale which is based on zero degrees

394
00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:47,130
Celsius for the freezing point of water

395
00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:49,590
and 100 degrees Celsius for the boiling

396
00:18:54,290 --> 00:18:52,170
point of water we also use numerous

397
00:18:57,050 --> 00:18:54,300
methods for sampling such as falcon

398
00:18:59,030 --> 00:18:57,060
tubes for sets and pipettes to collect

399
00:19:04,480 --> 00:18:59,040
water samples and microbial samples

400
00:19:09,770 --> 00:19:07,490
now that we have established why Lassen

401
00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:09,780
Volcanic National Park is important to

402
00:19:15,020 --> 00:19:12,210
the study of life and how we made our

403
00:19:18,260 --> 00:19:15,030
initial observations we can consider the

404
00:19:20,419 --> 00:19:18,270
sites studied within Water Valley as the

405
00:19:23,030 --> 00:19:20,429
hill said water is a key requirement for

406
00:19:26,780 --> 00:19:23,040
life and in scientists search for life

407
00:19:29,299 --> 00:19:26,790
they follow the water similarly we will

408
00:19:32,210 --> 00:19:29,309
follow the water in water valley we took

409
00:19:35,330 --> 00:19:32,220
samples and observations from four major

410
00:19:39,020 --> 00:19:35,340
springs or streams which each had very

411
00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:39,030
different conditions freesia ELISA Deane

412
00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:41,490
and Emma will now speak a bit about our

413
00:19:47,450 --> 00:19:43,679
initial observations at each of these

414
00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:50,070
the first site we will be discussing in

415
00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:52,420
depth is paddlewheel Creek the parallel

416
00:19:55,650 --> 00:19:53,890
Creek site is the freshwater mountain

417
00:19:57,450 --> 00:19:55,660
stream located in declaring at Warner

418
00:19:58,860 --> 00:19:57,460
Valley visually there were shrubs

419
00:20:00,600 --> 00:19:58,870
starting the bank and green grass that

420
00:20:02,730 --> 00:20:00,610
grew right up to the edge as well as

421
00:20:04,350 --> 00:20:02,740
under the water itself there were also

422
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:04,360
various species of trees growing around

423
00:20:08,580 --> 00:20:06,490
the water in the water there was moss

424
00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:08,590
and algae growing on the rocks the water

425
00:20:12,570 --> 00:20:10,510
has an ideal temperature and pH which

426
00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:12,580
creates habitable conditions for plants

427
00:20:16,380 --> 00:20:14,050
and microbial life to grow and thrive

428
00:20:18,090 --> 00:20:16,390
the conductivity of this site is the

429
00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:18,100
lowest of all the sites because it is

430
00:20:28,300 --> 00:20:25,720
another of the sites we looked at was

431
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:28,310
Devil's kitchen Devil's kitchen is

432
00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:30,320
located the furthest from the campsite

433
00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:32,930
at this site there was little plant life

434
00:20:37,330 --> 00:20:35,360
surrounding the water and there was

435
00:20:40,390 --> 00:20:37,340
visible steam coming from the water as

436
00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:40,400
well as a strong smell of sulfur in the

437
00:20:44,530 --> 00:20:42,050
water there were green and brown

438
00:20:47,620 --> 00:20:44,540
microbial mats located near the outflow

439
00:20:48,850 --> 00:20:47,630
channel the water had the lowest pH of

440
00:20:50,830 --> 00:20:48,860
all the sites and the highest

441
00:20:52,690 --> 00:20:50,840
conductivity of them all these

442
00:20:59,799 --> 00:20:52,700
conditions created extreme living

443
00:21:03,159 --> 00:21:01,899
the mainstream site is a large creek

444
00:21:04,989 --> 00:21:03,169
that runs through Olive Warner Valley

445
00:21:06,879 --> 00:21:04,999
interacting with two of the other sites

446
00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:06,889
the conditions of the water allow

447
00:21:10,299 --> 00:21:08,690
various algie's grasses and other

448
00:21:11,979 --> 00:21:10,309
aquatic plants to grow in the creek as

449
00:21:14,169 --> 00:21:11,989
well as trees and grasses along the

450
00:21:15,940 --> 00:21:14,179
banks because of the site-to-site

451
00:21:18,639 --> 00:21:15,950
interactions two sample sites were

452
00:21:20,799 --> 00:21:18,649
necessary compared to the paddlewheel

453
00:21:22,690 --> 00:21:20,809
Creek the first display to raising

454
00:21:24,310 --> 00:21:22,700
conductivity and a slight decrease in pH

455
00:21:26,019 --> 00:21:24,320
from interaction with Devil's kitchen

456
00:21:28,089 --> 00:21:26,029
and the second showed a lower

457
00:21:30,249 --> 00:21:28,099
conductivity and higher pH compared to

458
00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:30,259
the first as the paddlewheel Creek flows

459
00:21:39,860 --> 00:21:38,240
my field site alkaline springs was the

460
00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:39,870
first site along the path at Warner

461
00:21:43,820 --> 00:21:42,000
Valley is a small open stream with

462
00:21:45,530 --> 00:21:43,830
little vegetation there were small

463
00:21:47,330 --> 00:21:45,540
grasses up to the water's edge but none

464
00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:47,340
within the water there is a visible

465
00:21:50,900 --> 00:21:49,710
steam coming from the water surface even

466
00:21:53,090 --> 00:21:50,910
though the temperature of alkaline

467
00:21:55,310 --> 00:21:53,100
Springs is high microbial features are

468
00:21:57,410 --> 00:21:55,320
evident such as long green filaments and

469
00:22:00,350 --> 00:21:57,420
algae the temperature of alkaline

470
00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:00,360
springs was 64 degrees Celsius 147

471
00:22:04,190 --> 00:22:02,730
degrees Fahrenheit the pH started at six

472
00:22:06,290 --> 00:22:04,200
point seven at the vent of the stream

473
00:22:08,210 --> 00:22:06,300
and began to increase to seven point

474
00:22:10,910 --> 00:22:08,220
eight downstream which is a neutral pH

475
00:22:12,800 --> 00:22:10,920
the conductivity was 700 microsiemens

476
00:22:18,299 --> 00:22:12,810
which was the second highest of all the

477
00:22:23,259 --> 00:22:21,070
with these observations from the field

478
00:22:25,509 --> 00:22:23,269
sites in Warner Valley we developed

479
00:22:27,100 --> 00:22:25,519
several hypotheses to explain the

480
00:22:30,519 --> 00:22:27,110
differences in water chemistry

481
00:22:33,970 --> 00:22:30,529
conditions and forms of life we saw at

482
00:22:35,980 --> 00:22:33,980
each of the field sites these hypotheses

483
00:22:38,970 --> 00:22:35,990
were tested in the rock dissolution

484
00:22:41,740 --> 00:22:38,980
experiment and biological experiments

485
00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:41,750
Fletcher Braden and Dean will now

486
00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:51,210
the rock dissolution experiments were

487
00:22:55,259 --> 00:22:53,230
made to simulate each of the field sites

488
00:22:58,009 --> 00:22:55,269
so that the lab results would allow us

489
00:23:01,049 --> 00:22:58,019
to interpret the water chemistry

490
00:23:03,389 --> 00:23:01,059
throughout the experiments we maintain

491
00:23:05,220 --> 00:23:03,399
different PHS and temperatures depending

492
00:23:07,649 --> 00:23:05,230
on what field size we're trying to

493
00:23:09,779 --> 00:23:07,659
simulate every week by titrating our

494
00:23:15,269 --> 00:23:09,789
solutions back down to their desired P

495
00:23:17,489 --> 00:23:15,279
ages we use the pH values 5.5 and 2 as

496
00:23:19,649 --> 00:23:17,499
well as the temperature values of 20

497
00:23:23,940 --> 00:23:19,659
degrees Celsius and 60 degrees Celsius

498
00:23:25,799 --> 00:23:23,950
for our experiments we use basaltic rock

499
00:23:28,409 --> 00:23:25,809
powder in this rock dissolution

500
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:28,419
experiments because this rock is found

501
00:23:33,749 --> 00:23:31,450
throughout water valley the water

502
00:23:35,639 --> 00:23:33,759
interacted with the rock powder to

503
00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:35,649
dissolve the elements within the basalt

504
00:23:42,480 --> 00:23:40,570
rock and dissolution overall these

505
00:23:47,009 --> 00:23:42,490
experiments evaluated the effects of

506
00:23:49,169 --> 00:23:47,019
temperature and pH now race will discuss

507
00:23:53,390 --> 00:23:49,179
the effects of rocks on the pH of a

508
00:23:58,020 --> 00:23:55,860
our first hypothesis was that

509
00:24:00,419 --> 00:23:58,030
interactions between rocks and water

510
00:24:03,150 --> 00:24:00,429
increase the pH of the solutions in the

511
00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:03,160
laboratory dissolution experiment each

512
00:24:07,950 --> 00:24:05,410
week when we measured the pH values of

513
00:24:09,870 --> 00:24:07,960
each experiment we saw that the PHS had

514
00:24:12,450 --> 00:24:09,880
risen regardless of the experiments

515
00:24:15,299 --> 00:24:12,460
conditions in order to maintain the

516
00:24:17,580 --> 00:24:15,309
proper pages of the experiments we had

517
00:24:19,980 --> 00:24:17,590
to add acid to lower the PHS back to

518
00:24:22,110 --> 00:24:19,990
their desired values the graph on the

519
00:24:24,450 --> 00:24:22,120
Left shows the amount of acid that was

520
00:24:27,390 --> 00:24:24,460
added to the experiments as pH was set

521
00:24:30,090 --> 00:24:27,400
at 5.5 the graph on the right displays

522
00:24:33,539 --> 00:24:30,100
the UNAM acid added to the experiments

523
00:24:35,730 --> 00:24:33,549
whose pH was set at 2 both graphs show

524
00:24:38,340 --> 00:24:35,740
that as the days went on we continued to

525
00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:38,350
add acid to every experiment due to the

526
00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:40,270
fact that interactions between the water

527
00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:42,610
and the rock caused an increase in the

528
00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:45,760
solutions pages Braden will now explain

529
00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:47,770
why we had to add more acid to some

530
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:54,800
one of the reasons as to why we

531
00:24:57,800 --> 00:24:56,010
conducted the rock dissolution

532
00:25:00,290 --> 00:24:57,810
experiments was to determine whether or

533
00:25:01,730 --> 00:25:00,300
not solutions with a lower pH and higher

534
00:25:03,290 --> 00:25:01,740
temperature are more effective and

535
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:03,300
interacting with rocks and releasing

536
00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:05,850
their elements into solution in the

537
00:25:10,070 --> 00:25:08,130
bottom left graft the effect of pH on

538
00:25:11,780 --> 00:25:10,080
the dissolution of rock is shown in the

539
00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:11,790
graph the bars with matching colors who

540
00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:13,050
are experiments that were conducted at

541
00:25:16,970 --> 00:25:14,640
the same temperature but different pH

542
00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:16,980
and therefore show that a lower pH has a

543
00:25:19,940 --> 00:25:18,570
greater effect on the dissolution of

544
00:25:21,890 --> 00:25:19,950
rock in the sense that each of the

545
00:25:23,270 --> 00:25:21,900
experiments with a lower pH had a

546
00:25:24,620 --> 00:25:23,280
greater net conductivity than the

547
00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:24,630
experiments that were conducted at a

548
00:25:29,090 --> 00:25:27,690
neutral pH furthermore in the

549
00:25:30,530 --> 00:25:29,100
bottom-right graph which displays the

550
00:25:32,930 --> 00:25:30,540
effect of temperature on the dissolution

551
00:25:34,190 --> 00:25:32,940
of rock the bars matching in color were

552
00:25:35,900 --> 00:25:34,200
represent experiments that were

553
00:25:37,610 --> 00:25:35,910
conducted at the same pH but different

554
00:25:39,230 --> 00:25:37,620
temperatures and therefore show that a

555
00:25:41,180 --> 00:25:39,240
higher temperature has a greater effect

556
00:25:42,470 --> 00:25:41,190
on the dissolution of rock considering

557
00:25:44,180 --> 00:25:42,480
the fact that each of the groups with a

558
00:25:45,620 --> 00:25:44,190
higher temperature had a higher net

559
00:25:47,420 --> 00:25:45,630
conductivity than the experiments that

560
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:47,430
were conducted at a similar pH but

561
00:25:51,530 --> 00:25:49,770
different temperature Fletcher will now

562
00:25:52,940 --> 00:25:51,540
talk about the biological experiments

563
00:25:57,159 --> 00:25:52,950
that were conducted with the microbes

564
00:26:02,719 --> 00:26:00,619
at Warner Valley we took microbe samples

565
00:26:05,899 --> 00:26:02,729
and place them in winogradsky columns in

566
00:26:07,699 --> 00:26:05,909
order to observe them in these columns

567
00:26:10,209 --> 00:26:07,709
we replicated the conditions that the

568
00:26:13,609 --> 00:26:10,219
microbes were living in at Warner Valley

569
00:26:15,709 --> 00:26:13,619
after a few weeks we then changed one of

570
00:26:18,019 --> 00:26:15,719
the microbes replicated environmental

571
00:26:20,180 --> 00:26:18,029
conditions to observe some kind of

572
00:26:24,379 --> 00:26:20,190
change in the abundance of biomass and

573
00:26:26,659 --> 00:26:24,389
diversity these changes involve the

574
00:26:29,989 --> 00:26:26,669
organism being blocked from or left in

575
00:26:33,049 --> 00:26:29,999
light temperature or pH being increased

576
00:26:37,519 --> 00:26:33,059
or decreased or solute concentration

577
00:26:40,190 --> 00:26:37,529
being changed our class hypothesis was

578
00:26:42,859 --> 00:26:40,200
if the environmental conditions of the

579
00:26:46,509 --> 00:26:42,869
microbes are changed then they will

580
00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:46,519
undergo a change in growth or appearance

581
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:49,200
these changes could have taken place in

582
00:26:56,539 --> 00:26:51,570
a variety of different ways such as

583
00:26:58,879 --> 00:26:56,549
growth color and size in our experiments

584
00:27:01,039 --> 00:26:58,889
we visually observed and took notes on

585
00:27:04,399 --> 00:27:01,049
the changes that took place from week to

586
00:27:07,190 --> 00:27:04,409
week in our microbes at the end of this

587
00:27:10,339 --> 00:27:07,200
process we took a sample of our microbes

588
00:27:12,259 --> 00:27:10,349
to be observed through a microscope this

589
00:27:14,810 --> 00:27:12,269
way we could see the increase or

590
00:27:19,330 --> 00:27:14,820
decrease in growth at a more in-depth

591
00:27:24,349 --> 00:27:22,279
the light or dark variable was altered

592
00:27:26,419 --> 00:27:24,359
by covering our winogradsky columns in

593
00:27:30,169 --> 00:27:26,429
black electrical tape or was left

594
00:27:31,940 --> 00:27:30,179
unchanged and clear this way are my

595
00:27:34,039 --> 00:27:31,950
curves either had a normal inflow of

596
00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:34,049
light just like they did at their field

597
00:27:40,369 --> 00:27:37,499
sites or they were completely isolated

598
00:27:42,469 --> 00:27:40,379
from light the temperatures of the

599
00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:42,479
microbes were altered by removing the

600
00:27:47,570 --> 00:27:45,090
winogradsky columns from or putting them

601
00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:47,580
into an incubator set at 60 degrees

602
00:27:53,389 --> 00:27:50,970
Celsius when altering temperature for an

603
00:27:55,820 --> 00:27:53,399
organism it can have different effects

604
00:27:58,729 --> 00:27:55,830
on the organism depending on its optimal

605
00:28:00,919 --> 00:27:58,739
temperature the microbe could either

606
00:28:03,889 --> 00:28:00,929
have a boost in the amount of biological

607
00:28:05,930 --> 00:28:03,899
processes that it goes through or it can

608
00:28:08,060 --> 00:28:05,940
be negatively affected since it may be

609
00:28:10,519 --> 00:28:08,070
passed the organisms optimal temperature

610
00:28:14,389 --> 00:28:10,529
which can be seen in the experimental

611
00:28:16,339 --> 00:28:14,399
columns of altered temperature now dean

612
00:28:21,530 --> 00:28:16,349
will discuss the effects of pH and

613
00:28:24,830 --> 00:28:23,120
the

614
00:28:26,750 --> 00:28:24,840
micro calms was changed through

615
00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:26,760
titration or dilution maintaining the

616
00:28:30,380 --> 00:28:28,920
other water conditions besides the pH as

617
00:28:32,390 --> 00:28:30,390
shown in the green growth in the upper

618
00:28:34,550 --> 00:28:32,400
right which experienced a drop in pH

619
00:28:37,580 --> 00:28:34,560
having a negative impact on further

620
00:28:39,830 --> 00:28:37,590
growth the solute of the water and the

621
00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:39,840
experiment columns was changed by using

622
00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:41,370
water from a different field site with

623
00:28:44,990 --> 00:28:42,690
similar conditions to the microbes

624
00:28:46,580 --> 00:28:45,000
original site visible in the colony in

625
00:28:47,870 --> 00:28:46,590
the lower right they experienced an

626
00:28:50,470 --> 00:28:47,880
increase in growth due to the higher

627
00:28:52,670 --> 00:28:50,480
solute count of the mainstream water in

628
00:28:58,750 --> 00:28:52,680
changing the column environments there

629
00:29:03,289 --> 00:29:01,370
after analyzing the results from our

630
00:29:06,260 --> 00:29:03,299
experiments we could relate what our

631
00:29:08,090 --> 00:29:06,270
hypothesis proved in the lab back to

632
00:29:11,990 --> 00:29:08,100
what we originally observed in Warner

633
00:29:14,510 --> 00:29:12,000
Valley in the lab our proven hypotheses

634
00:29:17,299 --> 00:29:14,520
showed us relationships between pH

635
00:29:20,299 --> 00:29:17,309
temperature and the solute concentration

636
00:29:22,549 --> 00:29:20,309
of solutions understanding these helped

637
00:29:24,620 --> 00:29:22,559
us to understand the multiple paths of

638
00:29:28,460 --> 00:29:24,630
the water flowing through Warner Valley

639
00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:28,470
now Ilana Reece Sam and Mary will

640
00:29:32,710 --> 00:29:30,570
describe our interpretations of the

641
00:29:35,299 --> 00:29:32,720
field sites after considering our

642
00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:35,309
observations and the results of our

643
00:29:45,110 --> 00:29:43,010
the main source of water for each site

644
00:29:47,120 --> 00:29:45,120
is precipitation the cloud graphic

645
00:29:48,650 --> 00:29:47,130
indicates where rain and snow fall the

646
00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:48,660
most and then travel down the path

647
00:29:52,460 --> 00:29:50,610
through Warner Valley the site's water

648
00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:52,470
stories tell the path the water takes

649
00:29:56,180 --> 00:29:54,450
from the moment it falls from the sky to

650
00:29:58,340 --> 00:29:56,190
the ground and eventually ends up at one

651
00:30:00,110 --> 00:29:58,350
of the field sites these water stories

652
00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:00,120
give each site unique characteristics

653
00:30:07,409 --> 00:30:02,250
such as having a high pH or high

654
00:30:12,119 --> 00:30:10,289
once again the main source precipitation

655
00:30:14,669 --> 00:30:12,129
as well as runoff water and groundwater

656
00:30:17,369 --> 00:30:14,679
paddle Creek had a low temperature and

657
00:30:19,259 --> 00:30:17,379
neutral pH these conditions resulted in

658
00:30:21,899 --> 00:30:19,269
this site having the lowest comic tivity

659
00:30:23,969 --> 00:30:21,909
value despite the fact that rains pH is

660
00:30:26,039 --> 00:30:23,979
around five point five once it comes

661
00:30:28,169 --> 00:30:26,049
into contact with the ground we begin to

662
00:30:29,759 --> 00:30:28,179
see changes and the pH increases to a

663
00:30:31,349 --> 00:30:29,769
value of seven because of these

664
00:30:36,799 --> 00:30:31,359
interactions with the rocks as

665
00:30:40,430 --> 00:30:38,269
I found a devil's kitchen is supplied by

666
00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:40,440
snowmelt and rainfall this snowmelt in

667
00:30:43,909 --> 00:30:41,970
rainfall water seeps into the ground

668
00:30:46,129 --> 00:30:43,919
until it comes into contact volcanic

669
00:30:47,840 --> 00:30:46,139
gases and heat after being heated the

670
00:30:50,269 --> 00:30:47,850
water begins to rise up to the surface

671
00:30:51,980 --> 00:30:50,279
as it rises the water condenses and

672
00:30:53,899 --> 00:30:51,990
surfaces at Devil's kitchen the

673
00:30:55,909 --> 00:30:53,909
interaction with volcanic gases and heat

674
00:30:57,769 --> 00:30:55,919
gives the water its low pH and high

675
00:30:59,389 --> 00:30:57,779
temperature this also makes it more

676
00:31:00,940 --> 00:30:59,399
efficient at dissolving rock which

677
00:31:03,289 --> 00:31:00,950
explains the waters high conductivity

678
00:31:07,410 --> 00:31:03,299
Sam will now explain main streams of

679
00:31:11,620 --> 00:31:10,000
the water at the mainstream side comes

680
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:11,630
from snowfall rain fall on ground water

681
00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:14,510
that feeds up the largest stream running

682
00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:16,910
in the length of Warner Valley example

683
00:31:20,410 --> 00:31:18,530
both ends of the stream in an effort to

684
00:31:21,820 --> 00:31:20,420
record any changes that may affect the

685
00:31:25,150 --> 00:31:21,830
water as it passes through the valley

686
00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:25,160
main tree was discovered to have a very

687
00:31:29,260 --> 00:31:26,930
similar ph temperature and conductivity

688
00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:29,270
to paddleball Creek with only a few

689
00:31:33,070 --> 00:31:30,890
minor differences near Devil's kitchen

690
00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:33,080
we observed an outflow of water from

691
00:31:37,990 --> 00:31:34,910
Devil's kitchen into main stream this

692
00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:38,000
addition to of doubles kitchen water can

693
00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:39,650
explain the lower pH and higher

694
00:31:43,750 --> 00:31:41,210
conductivity that was recorded at

695
00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:43,760
Devil's kitchen devil's kitchen's main

696
00:31:47,410 --> 00:31:45,770
stream site as main stream runs the

697
00:31:49,540 --> 00:31:47,420
length of Warner valley it interacts

698
00:31:52,180 --> 00:31:49,550
with the brach and also receives an

699
00:31:53,880 --> 00:31:52,190
inflow of water from paddle Creek as we

700
00:31:55,660 --> 00:31:53,890
saw in our lab experiment that

701
00:31:58,270 --> 00:31:55,670
interaction with the rocks will cause

702
00:32:00,010 --> 00:31:58,280
the pH to rise over time in addition of

703
00:32:02,260 --> 00:32:00,020
the paddle Creek water will further

704
00:32:04,420 --> 00:32:02,270
dilute main stream causing the rise in

705
00:32:06,550 --> 00:32:04,430
the pH and the lowering of connectivity

706
00:32:12,090 --> 00:32:06,560
that we saw when sampling at the Warner

707
00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:14,190
Oakland stream comes from a similar

708
00:32:18,330 --> 00:32:16,480
source of Devil's kitchen it too

709
00:32:20,100 --> 00:32:18,340
originated from runoff that seeped deep

710
00:32:22,530 --> 00:32:20,110
underground and interacted extensively

711
00:32:24,030 --> 00:32:22,540
with volcanic gases the heat from deep

712
00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:24,040
inside the earth drove it back to the

713
00:32:26,730 --> 00:32:25,690
surface giving it the high temperature

714
00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:26,740
we see above-ground

715
00:32:31,530 --> 00:32:29,530
however unlike Devil's kitchen the

716
00:32:32,730 --> 00:32:31,540
stream is located on a fault line which

717
00:32:34,290 --> 00:32:32,740
allows the water to have more

718
00:32:36,030 --> 00:32:34,300
opportunity to be neutralized by the

719
00:32:38,850 --> 00:32:36,040
rock around it by taking a less direct

720
00:32:40,830 --> 00:32:38,860
and thus longer path to the surface this

721
00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:40,840
results in a more neutral pH at the head

722
00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:42,610
of the stream located directly next to

723
00:32:46,350 --> 00:32:44,650
the fault line because the aqualen

724
00:32:48,420 --> 00:32:46,360
stream originally had high amounts of

725
00:32:50,070 --> 00:32:48,430
sulfuric acid in its water and had a lot

726
00:32:52,190 --> 00:32:50,080
of contact with rocks before reaching

727
00:32:54,810 --> 00:32:52,200
the surface it has a high conductivity

728
00:32:56,820 --> 00:32:54,820
however once again unlike Devil's

729
00:32:58,950 --> 00:32:56,830
kitchen there's not a constant resupply

730
00:33:04,120 --> 00:32:58,960
of sulfuric acid which leaves the pH a

731
00:33:08,860 --> 00:33:07,029
in addition to our interpretations of

732
00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:08,870
the water stories we've formed

733
00:33:13,919 --> 00:33:11,120
interpretations regarding the types of

734
00:33:16,750 --> 00:33:13,929
life found at Warner Valley our

735
00:33:19,419 --> 00:33:16,760
winogradsky columns showed us the

736
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:19,429
effects of pH temperature solute

737
00:33:26,799 --> 00:33:22,610
concentrations and light on microbial

738
00:33:28,630 --> 00:33:26,809
life now freesia Lachlan and Terra will

739
00:33:33,490 --> 00:33:28,640
talk about the conclusions we formed

740
00:33:35,169 --> 00:33:33,500
based on our microbial incubations the

741
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:35,179
water up of the potable Creek and

742
00:33:38,169 --> 00:33:36,530
mainstream sites has an ideal

743
00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:38,179
temperature and pH which creates how

744
00:33:42,130 --> 00:33:39,890
double conditions for life to grow and

745
00:33:43,570 --> 00:33:42,140
thrive the favorable conditions enabled

746
00:33:45,370 --> 00:33:43,580
the abundance and diversity of the

747
00:33:47,770 --> 00:33:45,380
microbial growth present at both sites

748
00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:47,780
the microbial communities are virtually

749
00:33:51,610 --> 00:33:49,760
obvious in and adjacent to the water at

750
00:33:53,409 --> 00:33:51,620
power wall Creek and mainstream or

751
00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:53,419
different green brown purple and red

752
00:33:57,700 --> 00:33:55,730
algae as well as moss and mats in

753
00:33:59,260 --> 00:33:57,710
relation to our winogradsky experiments

754
00:34:00,549 --> 00:33:59,270
microbes present add these two field

755
00:34:02,260 --> 00:34:00,559
sites survive best in their own

756
00:34:03,630 --> 00:34:02,270
conditions rather than when their

757
00:34:05,830 --> 00:34:03,640
environments were altered significantly

758
00:34:07,810 --> 00:34:05,840
this is because the conditions that

759
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:07,820
these field sites were favorable these

760
00:34:17,250 --> 00:34:10,010
biology interpretations are consistent

761
00:34:21,240 --> 00:34:19,169
the alkaline site had water that had a

762
00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:21,250
higher temperature and more neutral pH

763
00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:23,530
and these slightly harsh conditions led

764
00:34:29,190 --> 00:34:25,690
to less diversity than was seen at the

765
00:34:30,780 --> 00:34:29,200
paddle wheel or mainstream sites the

766
00:34:32,669 --> 00:34:30,790
microbes we saw were green and brown

767
00:34:35,730 --> 00:34:32,679
matte like microbes along with green

768
00:34:37,950 --> 00:34:35,740
stringy algae like microbes when we

769
00:34:40,230 --> 00:34:37,960
altered the environment therein and our

770
00:34:41,940 --> 00:34:40,240
laboratory experiments we saw they

771
00:34:43,680 --> 00:34:41,950
survived better when in their original

772
00:34:45,300 --> 00:34:43,690
environment this shows that they are

773
00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:45,310
specifically adapted to their

774
00:34:49,290 --> 00:34:47,320
environment and explains but we don't

775
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:49,300
see the same microbes at the other field

776
00:34:59,609 --> 00:34:57,329
at Devil's kitchen we observed a high

777
00:35:02,069 --> 00:34:59,619
temperature low pH and a high

778
00:35:03,870 --> 00:35:02,079
conductivity there were a few trees that

779
00:35:06,510 --> 00:35:03,880
were spread around but nothing too close

780
00:35:09,150 --> 00:35:06,520
to the site when you looked closer at

781
00:35:11,490 --> 00:35:09,160
the water you could start to see lots of

782
00:35:13,529 --> 00:35:11,500
different microbial communities there

783
00:35:15,240 --> 00:35:13,539
were green and coral colored microbial

784
00:35:18,089 --> 00:35:15,250
communities that were sitting right on

785
00:35:20,579 --> 00:35:18,099
top of the clay you can kinda see from

786
00:35:22,950 --> 00:35:20,589
the picture that outline of the green

787
00:35:25,620 --> 00:35:22,960
microbial communities the coral ones are

788
00:35:27,329 --> 00:35:25,630
a little bit harder to see also there

789
00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:27,339
were stringy looking microbes that were

790
00:35:31,770 --> 00:35:29,530
clinging on to rocks and sticks that had

791
00:35:33,779 --> 00:35:31,780
fallen into the water these microbes

792
00:35:35,849 --> 00:35:33,789
were very well-suited for their life at

793
00:35:38,700 --> 00:35:35,859
Devil's kitchen and did not respond well

794
00:35:45,970 --> 00:35:38,710
to an environmental change this we could

795
00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:48,560
now that we have an understanding of our

796
00:35:52,670 --> 00:35:51,030
findings amorta Valley I'll discuss the

797
00:35:54,310 --> 00:35:52,680
significance of our research with the

798
00:35:56,330 --> 00:35:54,320
Mars exploration mission

799
00:35:58,670 --> 00:35:56,340
NASA's main goal with the Mars

800
00:36:00,920 --> 00:35:58,680
exploration project is to find evidence

801
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:00,930
of habitable environments for life on

802
00:36:05,630 --> 00:36:03,210
Mars there have been several expeditions

803
00:36:08,510 --> 00:36:05,640
to Mars with Rovers the latest

804
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:08,520
expedition perseverance will launch and

805
00:36:12,590 --> 00:36:09,930
mid july of this year

806
00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:12,600
each rover has given a depiction of the

807
00:36:18,050 --> 00:36:14,880
ancient environment of Mars beginning

808
00:36:19,850 --> 00:36:18,060
with the Viking mission in 1976 we have

809
00:36:22,190 --> 00:36:19,860
found hydrothermal features with spirit

810
00:36:24,740 --> 00:36:22,200
rover ancient stream channels and lake

811
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:24,750
beds with curiosity and rocks with

812
00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:26,490
elements necessary for sustaining life

813
00:36:32,210 --> 00:36:29,970
from all the landing sites worn Evalia

814
00:36:34,430 --> 00:36:32,220
has a similar landscape to Mars which

815
00:36:36,860 --> 00:36:34,440
allows us to study a terrain akin to

816
00:36:38,930 --> 00:36:36,870
what early Mars looked like with this

817
00:36:41,060 --> 00:36:38,940
NASA is able to design more effective

818
00:36:49,769 --> 00:36:41,070
missions that find more supporting

819
00:36:54,609 --> 00:36:52,269
again my name is TC Drury and I'm a

820
00:36:55,749 --> 00:36:54,619
second year intern I would like to thank

821
00:36:57,849 --> 00:36:55,759
you all for watching tonight's

822
00:36:59,799 --> 00:36:57,859
presentation and for giving your support

823
00:37:02,169 --> 00:36:59,809
to the program to conclude our

824
00:37:05,019 --> 00:37:02,179
presentation each of us will now share

825
00:37:07,029 --> 00:37:05,029
the personal impact of the program for

826
00:37:08,469 --> 00:37:07,039
me the biggest impact of the program was

827
00:37:11,019 --> 00:37:08,479
that it allowed me to apply my

828
00:37:12,999 --> 00:37:11,029
leadership skills and science and gave

829
00:37:15,009 --> 00:37:13,009
me the opportunity to utilize my

830
00:37:22,010 --> 00:37:15,019
knowledge of technology to better our

831
00:37:26,030 --> 00:37:24,260
my name is Ashley car and I'm a second

832
00:37:27,620 --> 00:37:26,040
year intern in this program through this

833
00:37:29,329 --> 00:37:27,630
class I learned how full leadership

834
00:37:31,190 --> 00:37:29,339
skills and gained scientific knowledge

835
00:37:33,650 --> 00:37:31,200
that I can apply in future endeavors

836
00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:33,660
including quad classes and my intended

837
00:37:43,910 --> 00:37:41,810
hi my name is Sahil Singh and I'm a

838
00:37:46,040 --> 00:37:43,920
second year intern through this program

839
00:37:48,080 --> 00:37:46,050
I was able to apply my knowledge into

840
00:37:49,460 --> 00:37:48,090
real scientific research and I was able

841
00:37:56,540 --> 00:37:49,470
to strengthen my leadership skills

842
00:38:01,940 --> 00:37:59,750
hi I'm Katie little and this program has

843
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:01,950
given me the opportunity to experience

844
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:04,530
science beyond a textbook and has given

845
00:38:07,910 --> 00:38:06,450
me a greater interest and accrued that

846
00:38:13,420 --> 00:38:07,920
studies are outside

847
00:38:17,470 --> 00:38:15,670
this program opened my eyes to the many

848
00:38:19,390 --> 00:38:17,480
possibilities and roles available in the

849
00:38:21,580 --> 00:38:19,400
scientific field as well as unique

850
00:38:27,150 --> 00:38:21,590
experience that will affect my decisions

851
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:29,820
my name is Fletcher Bakke and I am a

852
00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:32,290
first-year intern in the NASA internship

853
00:38:37,260 --> 00:38:35,410
program this program has showed me what

854
00:38:39,450 --> 00:38:37,270
the scientific process is like in a

855
00:38:40,760 --> 00:38:39,460
real-world scenario compared to another

856
00:38:45,740 --> 00:38:40,770
classroom science lab

857
00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:48,120
I'm Mary Collier and I've been

858
00:38:51,510 --> 00:38:49,810
influenced by this program by being able

859
00:38:52,980 --> 00:38:51,520
to learn how science is applicable in

860
00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:52,990
the real world and by gaining a better

861
00:38:55,830 --> 00:38:54,400
understanding of how the scientific

862
00:39:01,710 --> 00:38:55,840
process worked through hands-on

863
00:39:05,850 --> 00:39:03,930
my name is Lachlan Dean and I'm a

864
00:39:07,080 --> 00:39:05,860
first-year intern this program helped me

865
00:39:08,610 --> 00:39:07,090
get experience what running an

866
00:39:10,740 --> 00:39:08,620
experiment outside the classroom is like

867
00:39:12,420 --> 00:39:10,750
and also taught me new skills and

868
00:39:18,359 --> 00:39:12,430
processes needed when conducting an

869
00:39:22,599 --> 00:39:21,039
my name's Fraser Gillis and this program

870
00:39:24,309 --> 00:39:22,609
gave me the opportunity to be around

871
00:39:30,230 --> 00:39:24,319
other people who truly appreciate

872
00:39:35,099 --> 00:39:32,880
my name is Grace Gallagher and this

873
00:39:37,050 --> 00:39:35,109
program has led me to learn how to use

874
00:39:39,420 --> 00:39:37,060
scientific equipment conduct my own

875
00:39:41,820 --> 00:39:39,430
experiment and analyze the results of my

876
00:39:48,530 --> 00:39:41,830
experiment these experiences bettered my

877
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:50,870
hi my name is Rhys Canberra and this

878
00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:52,770
NASA program is impacted the way I look

879
00:39:56,060 --> 00:39:54,210
at science it's given me an opportunity

880
00:39:57,800 --> 00:39:56,070
to go out in the field and experience

881
00:39:59,480 --> 00:39:57,810
field science firsthand but it's also

882
00:40:01,400 --> 00:39:59,490
giving me the opportunity to form a

883
00:40:03,710 --> 00:40:01,410
hypothesis coming up with an experiment

884
00:40:05,270 --> 00:40:03,720
and taking those results and creating a

885
00:40:06,859 --> 00:40:05,280
reasonable conclusion with it and just

886
00:40:12,290 --> 00:40:06,869
getting a better grasp of the scientific

887
00:40:16,190 --> 00:40:14,600
hi my name is Alana Garrity and I'm a

888
00:40:18,110 --> 00:40:16,200
junior at rebel of high school involved

889
00:40:19,700 --> 00:40:18,120
in the NASA program being a part of this

890
00:40:21,620 --> 00:40:19,710
program further fueled my love for

891
00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:21,630
science and gave me a passion for asking

892
00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:23,430
questions and doing experiments to try

893
00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:31,089
my name is Emma Hale and this year's

894
00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:33,410
NASA internship has allowed me to get a

895
00:40:37,450 --> 00:40:35,690
hands-on experience and it has taught me

896
00:40:42,330 --> 00:40:37,460
that is the smallest things in science

897
00:40:48,330 --> 00:40:46,260
hi my name is ELISA Harrison and through

898
00:40:50,220 --> 00:40:48,340
this program I was able to gain a better

899
00:40:52,740 --> 00:40:50,230
understanding about what science really

900
00:40:58,170 --> 00:40:52,750
is and this deepened my interest in the

901
00:41:02,589 --> 00:41:00,579
my name is Burton Klein and this program

902
00:41:04,150 --> 00:41:02,599
has impacted me by allowing me to grasp

903
00:41:06,069 --> 00:41:04,160
a better understanding of the scientific

904
00:41:12,070 --> 00:41:06,079
process and how it is used in self

905
00:41:16,940 --> 00:41:15,080
hi my name is andré marques and I just

906
00:41:19,250 --> 00:41:16,950
wanted to say that the impact that the

907
00:41:21,410 --> 00:41:19,260
program had on me is that it allowed me

908
00:41:23,150 --> 00:41:21,420
to be able to question things that

909
00:41:25,700 --> 00:41:23,160
people normally don't question and

910
00:41:28,310 --> 00:41:25,710
allowed me to be able to test and come

911
00:41:35,600 --> 00:41:28,320
up with the reasonable explanations calm

912
00:41:41,290 --> 00:41:39,230
my name is Tara Norton I am a first-year

913
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:41,300
intern at the NASA Astrobiology

914
00:41:45,860 --> 00:41:44,370
internship program in this program I

915
00:41:52,890 --> 00:41:45,870
learned how to perfectly create

916
00:41:57,430 --> 00:41:55,510
my name is Samantha ball and there's

917
00:41:59,020 --> 00:41:57,440
Berger my lot would be to build up with

918
00:42:00,460 --> 00:41:59,030
my team working skills in the field and

919
00:42:08,089 --> 00:42:00,470
also allowed me to make a whole bunch of

920
00:42:13,750 --> 00:42:11,280
well what you all think

921
00:42:15,220 --> 00:42:13,760
now here's the problem

922
00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:15,230
in order for you to answer that question

923
00:42:21,069 --> 00:42:18,410
you need to be able to know how to do

924
00:42:23,079 --> 00:42:21,079
that that's where I messed up I was

925
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:23,089
supposed to tell you before we started

926
00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:25,970
is that we have a place for you to ask

927
00:42:31,030 --> 00:42:28,490
questions so within the live stream

928
00:42:33,730 --> 00:42:31,040
there's a chat box there if you go and

929
00:42:36,579 --> 00:42:33,740
find that chat box I have any questions

930
00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:36,589
for any of us please enter them into

931
00:42:43,270 --> 00:42:39,770
that chat box when I say any of us I

932
00:42:44,710 --> 00:42:43,280
mean the adults or all of these interns

933
00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:44,720
that are here with us today we have

934
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:46,010
first two your interns we have

935
00:42:50,440 --> 00:42:48,290
second-year interns you can call them

936
00:42:52,809 --> 00:42:50,450
out by name they'd be more than happy to

937
00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:52,819
answer your questions individually they

938
00:42:57,849 --> 00:42:54,770
are ready for whatever you throw at them

939
00:42:59,980 --> 00:42:57,859
and so as you are preparing these

940
00:43:01,839 --> 00:42:59,990
questions getting them going just a

941
00:43:05,220 --> 00:43:01,849
couple more things about this program

942
00:43:07,870 --> 00:43:05,230
not just like pass on to you this

943
00:43:09,700 --> 00:43:07,880
presentation that you just saw is not

944
00:43:12,880 --> 00:43:09,710
the only thing that these students do

945
00:43:15,430 --> 00:43:12,890
all year the majority of year is

946
00:43:17,770 --> 00:43:15,440
actually focused on a research paper and

947
00:43:22,510 --> 00:43:17,780
this research paper is a college-level

948
00:43:24,390 --> 00:43:22,520
thesis paper students produce they

949
00:43:27,609 --> 00:43:24,400
produce this under the guidance of

950
00:43:30,099 --> 00:43:27,619
myself the NASA scientists the lassen

951
00:43:32,470 --> 00:43:30,109
Park Rangers together we guide these

952
00:43:36,220 --> 00:43:32,480
students and by the end of this this

953
00:43:39,099 --> 00:43:36,230
class they produced a paper it's usually

954
00:43:41,230 --> 00:43:39,109
somewhere between 3035 pages long and

955
00:43:44,319 --> 00:43:41,240
it's equivalent to what's going to be

956
00:43:48,309 --> 00:43:44,329
created by any college level student in

957
00:43:52,270 --> 00:43:48,319
a science class the depth that they go

958
00:43:56,230 --> 00:43:52,280
to to write it to get it edited to

959
00:43:57,339 --> 00:43:56,240
finalize it is amazing and so if you get

960
00:43:59,559 --> 00:43:57,349
a chance if you know any of these

961
00:44:01,539 --> 00:43:59,569
interns ask to see this paper from them

962
00:44:03,900 --> 00:44:01,549
it is truly something that they're proud

963
00:44:06,849 --> 00:44:03,910
of and they'd love to share with you

964
00:44:09,849 --> 00:44:06,859
besides that the presentation that you

965
00:44:11,829 --> 00:44:09,859
just saw this year we did not start the

966
00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:11,839
presentation until after the closure of

967
00:44:16,359 --> 00:44:15,079
the school on March the 13th so as you

968
00:44:19,539 --> 00:44:16,369
can imagine there were some challenges

969
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:19,549
involved with it what you just saw there

970
00:44:24,190 --> 00:44:22,490
took countless hours of our students

971
00:44:26,950 --> 00:44:24,200
work on their own

972
00:44:29,140 --> 00:44:26,960
guiding them through zoom sessions or

973
00:44:30,579 --> 00:44:29,150
just emails and just having these

974
00:44:32,829 --> 00:44:30,589
students kind of figure things out on

975
00:44:36,099 --> 00:44:32,839
their own so they did an amazing job

976
00:44:38,290 --> 00:44:36,109
here of basically coming up with this

977
00:44:40,870 --> 00:44:38,300
and I hope that you agree with me when

978
00:44:46,329 --> 00:44:40,880
you when you watch this and you were

979
00:44:48,370 --> 00:44:46,339
truly impressed with it as I was one

980
00:44:50,500 --> 00:44:48,380
more that I want to get to and then

981
00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:50,510
we'll get to all your questions

982
00:44:55,300 --> 00:44:52,700
it's just thanking people involved with

983
00:44:56,740 --> 00:44:55,310
this there's so many different levels to

984
00:44:59,920 --> 00:44:56,750
this program so many different

985
00:45:02,859 --> 00:44:59,930
individuals involved first off I want to

986
00:45:05,470 --> 00:45:02,869
start with Red Bluff high school from

987
00:45:07,780 --> 00:45:05,480
our district office to our site

988
00:45:10,359 --> 00:45:07,790
leadership here at the school all the

989
00:45:12,010 --> 00:45:10,369
way down to the individual teachers we

990
00:45:15,069 --> 00:45:12,020
are supported it's in so many different

991
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:15,079
ways personally I know that this program

992
00:45:20,069 --> 00:45:17,810
would not work without support of all

993
00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:20,079
the science teachers in my department

994
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:22,730
without them involved without them

995
00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:25,010
backing us we simply couldn't do what we

996
00:45:29,109 --> 00:45:27,410
do so that's really really appreciate

997
00:45:31,150 --> 00:45:29,119
when you see something like this that

998
00:45:32,740 --> 00:45:31,160
students are producing we're only able

999
00:45:35,380 --> 00:45:32,750
to do this with the support of everyone

1000
00:45:38,079 --> 00:45:35,390
involved with us here at Red Bluff now

1001
00:45:39,280 --> 00:45:38,089
it's not just what we talked about Red

1002
00:45:42,430 --> 00:45:39,290
Bluff it's not just the high school

1003
00:45:44,829 --> 00:45:42,440
because I know that these students are

1004
00:45:47,290 --> 00:45:44,839
receiving all kinds of support from

1005
00:45:50,470 --> 00:45:47,300
parents from family members from friends

1006
00:45:51,579 --> 00:45:50,480
in the community as well and so all the

1007
00:45:54,150 --> 00:45:51,589
red Bluff's should be proud of this

1008
00:45:56,710 --> 00:45:54,160
program at the school to the community

1009
00:45:59,710 --> 00:45:56,720
everyone that's involved with it

1010
00:46:02,230 --> 00:45:59,720
I just couldn't be happier with with the

1011
00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:02,240
work that we received them in addition

1012
00:46:05,880 --> 00:46:04,010
to Red Bull high school obviously we

1013
00:46:09,190 --> 00:46:05,890
have partnered with these two amazing

1014
00:46:11,589 --> 00:46:09,200
agencies the scientists that we work

1015
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:11,599
with closely at NASA Ames Research

1016
00:46:19,059 --> 00:46:15,650
Center my Kubo Dave damar a Nicki

1017
00:46:22,000 --> 00:46:19,069
paronto these three scientists become as

1018
00:46:26,380 --> 00:46:22,010
much mentors for our students as they

1019
00:46:29,079 --> 00:46:26,390
are teachers they advise these students

1020
00:46:31,210 --> 00:46:29,089
they help them get into college as far

1021
00:46:33,339 --> 00:46:31,220
as letters of recommendation go as far

1022
00:46:36,150 --> 00:46:33,349
as getting them scholarships you can

1023
00:46:38,130 --> 00:46:36,160
call us at college paid for with

1024
00:46:40,470 --> 00:46:38,140
again letters of recommendation and so

1025
00:46:42,810 --> 00:46:40,480
the assistance and the guidance of these

1026
00:46:45,090 --> 00:46:42,820
NASA scientists is truly amazing and

1027
00:46:47,460 --> 00:46:45,100
that can also be said then of our

1028
00:46:49,860 --> 00:46:47,470
massive volcanic National Park Rangers

1029
00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:49,870
as well on the support the guidance the

1030
00:46:53,940 --> 00:46:51,850
fieldwork that we get the practical

1031
00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:53,950
application in the time that we get

1032
00:46:58,260 --> 00:46:56,170
assigned with these Park Rangers up at

1033
00:47:01,530 --> 00:46:58,270
at Lassen Volcanic National Park it's

1034
00:47:03,300 --> 00:47:01,540
truly amazing and it's it's impactful on

1035
00:47:06,690 --> 00:47:03,310
our students in so many different ways

1036
00:47:08,250 --> 00:47:06,700
and so I just like to thank everyone

1037
00:47:09,570 --> 00:47:08,260
involved with this program in the

1038
00:47:12,930 --> 00:47:09,580
community and the school of Red Bluff

1039
00:47:15,870 --> 00:47:12,940
with NASA Ames Research Center and and

1040
00:47:17,250 --> 00:47:15,880
beyond and then also with the most

1041
00:47:21,510 --> 00:47:17,260
volcanic national park in the entire

1042
00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:21,520
park service really Benham and wonderful

1043
00:47:26,400 --> 00:47:24,610
working with all these people so with

1044
00:47:28,290 --> 00:47:26,410
that being said I'm hoping I've given

1045
00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:28,300
you enough time to type out some

1046
00:47:33,930 --> 00:47:37,039
you

1047
00:47:41,009 --> 00:47:39,630
okay so we do have some questions we'll

1048
00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:41,019
get people some more time to write those

1049
00:47:46,680 --> 00:47:42,880
in in the meantime I'll read out some

1050
00:47:47,759 --> 00:47:46,690
shout outs so Aaron Michael says is so

1051
00:47:49,529 --> 00:47:47,769
great the students still get to

1052
00:47:51,450 --> 00:47:49,539
participate and show their hard work

1053
00:47:53,579 --> 00:47:51,460
great job to everyone

1054
00:47:54,989 --> 00:47:53,589
federal Junior congratulations students

1055
00:47:58,230 --> 00:47:54,999
great contributions to the scientific

1056
00:48:03,660 --> 00:48:00,749
Sandee Dueck amazing presentations

1057
00:48:06,150 --> 00:48:03,670
you've done NASA and our BHS very proud

1058
00:48:07,890 --> 00:48:06,160
congratulations hi Sandy

1059
00:48:09,299 --> 00:48:07,900
Tammy Cooper says shout out to mr.

1060
00:48:13,170 --> 00:48:09,309
Michael great teachers create great

1061
00:48:15,960 --> 00:48:13,180
experiences for students and now we got

1062
00:48:18,180 --> 00:48:15,970
some questions so first from Sandy Dueck

1063
00:48:20,400 --> 00:48:18,190
besides sulfur what other sources of

1064
00:48:24,570 --> 00:48:20,410
ions are there in the surrounding

1065
00:48:24,580 --> 00:48:27,030
you

1066
00:48:31,980 --> 00:48:29,790
mmm who would like to go on out how

1067
00:48:34,800 --> 00:48:31,990
about a second-year intern let's throw

1068
00:48:36,510 --> 00:48:34,810
it at em first and there's no pressure

1069
00:48:37,859 --> 00:48:36,520
at all I like people are watching you

1070
00:48:39,180 --> 00:48:37,869
it's not like you have NASA scientists

1071
00:48:42,180 --> 00:48:39,190
looking over your shoulders or anything

1072
00:48:44,790 --> 00:48:42,190
to correct you if you don't well wait we

1073
00:48:45,570 --> 00:48:44,800
will know right we're not gonna get this

1074
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:45,580
one wrong

1075
00:49:02,120 --> 00:48:59,240
don't all go at once and just to

1076
00:49:03,740 --> 00:49:02,130
reiterate asking about the other sources

1077
00:49:11,650 --> 00:49:03,750
of ions in the surrounding environment

1078
00:49:15,410 --> 00:49:14,060
I'm used to this this is you know I

1079
00:49:17,960 --> 00:49:15,420
haven't done this in about two months

1080
00:49:19,960 --> 00:49:17,970
now because I haven't asked Jim I'm used

1081
00:49:23,060 --> 00:49:19,970
to just the awkward silence of waiting

1082
00:49:24,560 --> 00:49:23,070
I'm okay with it like your loved ones

1083
00:49:29,660 --> 00:49:24,570
are watching you right now that are

1084
00:49:38,450 --> 00:49:29,670
sitting there going oh my kid is getting

1085
00:49:40,310 --> 00:49:38,460
called out if any students are watching

1086
00:49:41,630 --> 00:49:40,320
just the live stream feel free to pop

1087
00:49:48,290 --> 00:49:41,640
your answer in the chat if you want to

1088
00:49:52,700 --> 00:49:48,300
answer that way as well okay where I

1089
00:49:54,410 --> 00:49:52,710
guess we're way too shy um devar

1090
00:49:56,450 --> 00:49:54,420
or Mike or Nikki do you want to help

1091
00:50:02,150 --> 00:49:56,460
them out at all this is water chemistry

1092
00:50:03,710 --> 00:50:02,160
Mike what you do it one of the students

1093
00:50:06,200 --> 00:50:03,720
start to answer so let's pause for a

1094
00:50:11,780 --> 00:50:06,210
second ask me did you did you have

1095
00:50:14,810 --> 00:50:11,790
something you you wanted to add so so

1096
00:50:18,130 --> 00:50:14,820
phrase one today anions found out Werner

1097
00:50:23,120 --> 00:50:18,140
Valley we also looked into cations and

1098
00:50:26,180 --> 00:50:23,130
some examples are iron aluminum sodium

1099
00:50:30,430 --> 00:50:26,190
and we analyzed those as well in our

1100
00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:34,010
they came from the rocks also so from

1101
00:50:37,010 --> 00:50:36,690
Rock dissolution thank you there's the

1102
00:50:41,810 --> 00:50:37,020
answer

1103
00:50:43,550 --> 00:50:41,820
nice nice all right nicely done

1104
00:50:45,980 --> 00:50:43,560
next question comes from federal Junior

1105
00:50:47,780 --> 00:50:45,990
he says my daughter wants to know is

1106
00:50:49,940 --> 00:50:47,790
Lassen Volcanic National Park of the

1107
00:50:52,900 --> 00:50:49,950
only place where this kind of science is

1108
00:51:00,589 --> 00:50:55,819
it's sort of a question to a teacher in

1109
00:51:04,269 --> 00:51:00,599
a way but I don't know or or maybe

1110
00:51:06,469 --> 00:51:04,279
Mickey I don't know well I think we have

1111
00:51:08,809 --> 00:51:06,479
scientists with us that maybe does this

1112
00:51:10,519 --> 00:51:08,819
research in another Park as well as

1113
00:51:13,190 --> 00:51:10,529
Latin volcanic National Park is that

1114
00:51:16,219 --> 00:51:13,200
true that is true

1115
00:51:18,380 --> 00:51:16,229
certainly we there are quite a few

1116
00:51:20,299 --> 00:51:18,390
different studies that take place in

1117
00:51:23,359 --> 00:51:20,309
hydrothermal areas like Yellowstone

1118
00:51:24,829 --> 00:51:23,369
National Park we use them as analogs for

1119
00:51:27,859 --> 00:51:24,839
different environments on other

1120
00:51:29,479 --> 00:51:27,869
planetary bodies but as mr. Michel said

1121
00:51:32,509 --> 00:51:29,489
earlier what's unique about this program

1122
00:51:35,120 --> 00:51:32,519
it is it's the only astrobiology

1123
00:51:38,269 --> 00:51:35,130
internship program within the National

1124
00:51:41,420 --> 00:51:38,279
Park Service and it's also a unique

1125
00:51:44,089 --> 00:51:41,430
program within certainly NASA Ames as

1126
00:51:45,559 --> 00:51:44,099
well so this is partnership between the

1127
00:51:47,719 --> 00:51:45,569
three agencies carrying out research

1128
00:51:52,969 --> 00:51:47,729
within Lassen Volcanic National Park is

1129
00:51:53,420 --> 00:51:52,979
completely unique all right Thank You

1130
00:51:55,880 --> 00:51:53,430
Nicki

1131
00:51:58,009 --> 00:51:55,890
our next question comes from Colin

1132
00:52:00,289 --> 00:51:58,019
Agharta out of all the national parks

1133
00:52:02,690 --> 00:52:00,299
and landmarks in the United States what

1134
00:52:07,089 --> 00:52:02,700
makes NASA choose lassen as the park to

1135
00:52:09,559 --> 00:52:07,099
compare to Mars biology and environment

1136
00:52:12,890 --> 00:52:09,569
all right Nickey and

1137
00:52:14,900 --> 00:52:12,900
now it's my turn I research in several

1138
00:52:18,289 --> 00:52:14,910
national parks but the one thing about

1139
00:52:21,109 --> 00:52:18,299
lassen that is so nice is that first of

1140
00:52:23,769 --> 00:52:21,119
all just plain proximity to population

1141
00:52:26,779 --> 00:52:23,779
centers where we could really can engage

1142
00:52:30,229 --> 00:52:26,789
high school students in sort of real

1143
00:52:33,170 --> 00:52:30,239
immersion hand-on experience in a

1144
00:52:35,690 --> 00:52:33,180
national park and so the fact that NASA

1145
00:52:37,519 --> 00:52:35,700
Ames Research Center's in California and

1146
00:52:40,339 --> 00:52:37,529
that Red Bluff is so close to lassen

1147
00:52:44,680 --> 00:52:40,349
really set up an ideal geography to

1148
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:44,690
pursue this course I mean in principle

1149
00:52:49,579 --> 00:52:46,650
Yellowstone National Park would be

1150
00:52:51,950 --> 00:52:49,589
another great place you know it's got

1151
00:52:52,579 --> 00:52:51,960
the kinds of features also that we see

1152
00:52:55,640 --> 00:52:52,589
on Mars

1153
00:52:57,739 --> 00:52:55,650
like what attracted is to lessen the

1154
00:53:00,200 --> 00:52:57,749
evidence of volcanic activity which we

1155
00:53:02,209 --> 00:53:00,210
now see happened on Mars we've now found

1156
00:53:04,550 --> 00:53:02,219
evidence of hot springs that once

1157
00:53:07,340 --> 00:53:04,560
existed on Mars and so in

1158
00:53:09,620 --> 00:53:07,350
lassen is a great match but really any

1159
00:53:11,510 --> 00:53:09,630
national park that embodies some of

1160
00:53:13,790 --> 00:53:11,520
these features like hydrothermal

1161
00:53:15,500 --> 00:53:13,800
activity hot springs and so forth as

1162
00:53:17,690 --> 00:53:15,510
well as the other environments where

1163
00:53:20,900 --> 00:53:17,700
water can support life I mean they would

1164
00:53:23,300 --> 00:53:20,910
be eligible also as good good candidate

1165
00:53:26,780 --> 00:53:23,310
sites but again it's that proximity of

1166
00:53:28,610 --> 00:53:26,790
lassen to Red Bluff with high school

1167
00:53:31,130 --> 00:53:28,620
that was willing to do this and also the

1168
00:53:34,340 --> 00:53:31,140
wonderful cooperation we've had with the

1169
00:53:37,340 --> 00:53:34,350
lassen park staff it really made lassen

1170
00:53:41,029 --> 00:53:37,350
that you had choice place to launch this

1171
00:53:45,749 --> 00:53:45,029
okay thank you Dave let's see some more

1172
00:53:47,670 --> 00:53:45,759
shout outs

1173
00:53:50,400 --> 00:53:47,680
this is wonderful very professional Wow

1174
00:53:51,480 --> 00:53:50,410
great experience for kids thank you

1175
00:53:52,859 --> 00:53:51,490
everybody

1176
00:53:55,529 --> 00:53:52,869
the next question comes from Chris to

1177
00:53:57,900 --> 00:53:55,539
Te'o do you think the stream flow rate

1178
00:54:00,150 --> 00:53:57,910
might be important and if so is this

1179
00:54:04,019 --> 00:54:00,160
something that was or can be tested with

1180
00:54:06,210 --> 00:54:04,029
the laboratory equipment okay is that

1181
00:54:07,980 --> 00:54:06,220
Ruth respect to biology I'm assuming

1182
00:54:09,930 --> 00:54:07,990
that it might be in which case Nicky do

1183
00:54:13,410 --> 00:54:09,940
you want to give a try at this or oh I'm

1184
00:54:15,599 --> 00:54:13,420
sorry these are for students back to the

1185
00:54:18,569 --> 00:54:15,609
students mr. Michael how do you want to

1186
00:54:21,690 --> 00:54:18,579
manage this one yeah let's see I'll give

1187
00:54:24,420 --> 00:54:21,700
mr. you know me two or three four five

1188
00:54:25,950 --> 00:54:24,430
percents and see if any student wants to

1189
00:54:27,720 --> 00:54:25,960
try to tackle this is it something I

1190
00:54:31,380 --> 00:54:27,730
know we have not discussed at all and so

1191
00:54:35,279 --> 00:54:31,390
okay sure - to hear what they come up

1192
00:54:36,569 --> 00:54:35,289
with on this and so in terms is there

1193
00:54:44,759 --> 00:54:36,579
anyone that would like to give this one

1194
00:54:49,319 --> 00:54:44,769
a go mr. Michael could I say something

1195
00:54:52,109 --> 00:54:49,329
about that yes in our class we you focus

1196
00:54:56,190 --> 00:54:52,119
on very still water we just had a small

1197
00:54:58,740 --> 00:54:56,200
column in our experiments however when

1198
00:54:59,670 --> 00:54:58,750
we visited the NASA Ames Research Center

1199
00:55:03,480 --> 00:54:59,680
in the past

1200
00:55:06,059 --> 00:55:03,490
I know Mickey has set up ways to pass

1201
00:55:08,910 --> 00:55:06,069
that theory of flow rates as they had

1202
00:55:12,299 --> 00:55:08,920
different circulating water systems for

1203
00:55:18,590 --> 00:55:12,309
different microbial packs but for this

1204
00:55:24,120 --> 00:55:22,380
and just so the audience knows I mean

1205
00:55:26,190 --> 00:55:24,130
one of the beautiful things about this

1206
00:55:28,140 --> 00:55:26,200
program besides the partnership and the

1207
00:55:30,630 --> 00:55:28,150
experience the kids are getting is the

1208
00:55:33,960 --> 00:55:30,640
evolution of it and what I mean by that

1209
00:55:35,730 --> 00:55:33,970
is that we are constantly changing this

1210
00:55:39,140 --> 00:55:35,740
program and constantly looking to

1211
00:55:41,790 --> 00:55:39,150
further our understanding a park and of

1212
00:55:44,790 --> 00:55:41,800
what we find out there the microbes are

1213
00:55:46,410 --> 00:55:44,800
rocked everything and so that couldn't

1214
00:55:48,150 --> 00:55:46,420
very well be a direction that this

1215
00:55:50,070 --> 00:55:48,160
program takes here in the next couple of

1216
00:55:51,990 --> 00:55:50,080
years we could start looking at things

1217
00:55:55,770 --> 00:55:52,000
like low ratings and stuff like that and

1218
00:55:58,080 --> 00:55:55,780
just seeing how it impacts it so a kid

1219
00:55:59,640 --> 00:55:58,090
yeah but quick comment or two about just

1220
00:56:04,640 --> 00:55:59,650
the effect of slowing water

1221
00:56:06,030 --> 00:56:04,650
I'm sure if you want me to jump in so

1222
00:56:07,800 --> 00:56:06,040
yes

1223
00:56:10,500 --> 00:56:07,810
flowing water can be a very important

1224
00:56:13,770 --> 00:56:10,510
variable it affects nutrient delivery to

1225
00:56:15,990 --> 00:56:13,780
the microbes and also in terms of

1226
00:56:18,030 --> 00:56:16,000
flowing water you know I don't know if

1227
00:56:21,270 --> 00:56:18,040
Chris you were getting at it from this

1228
00:56:23,730 --> 00:56:21,280
perspective but you know might it also

1229
00:56:26,060 --> 00:56:23,740
affect the erosion of the rock to

1230
00:56:28,770 --> 00:56:26,070
release elements into solution as well

1231
00:56:30,180 --> 00:56:28,780
but yes it can have an impact on the

1232
00:56:33,210 --> 00:56:30,190
microbes not just from nutrient delivery

1233
00:56:35,310 --> 00:56:33,220
but it can also kind of help shape how

1234
00:56:36,630 --> 00:56:35,320
the microbes grow you heard mentioned in

1235
00:56:39,120 --> 00:56:36,640
the presentation of these sort of

1236
00:56:41,250 --> 00:56:39,130
streamer like fabrics and the flow

1237
00:56:49,590 --> 00:56:41,260
that's something that's a consequence of

1238
00:56:52,490 --> 00:56:49,600
the hydrodynamics of water flow great ok

1239
00:56:54,870 --> 00:56:52,500
our next question comes from Linda Janka

1240
00:57:02,420 --> 00:56:54,880
did you see a difference between the

1241
00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:04,540
again let's try to start with the

1242
00:57:10,190 --> 00:57:07,290
interns is there any intern that would

1243
00:57:12,500 --> 00:57:10,200
would be interested in answering that

1244
00:57:30,380 --> 00:57:12,510
question so microscopically were our

1245
00:57:32,599 --> 00:57:30,390
sites different and Nikki I want to

1246
00:57:35,960 --> 00:57:32,609
throw throw it to you but I kind of am I

1247
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:35,970
guess there could you offer some

1248
00:57:40,670 --> 00:57:38,010
insights to that yeah I know it's a

1249
00:57:43,940 --> 00:57:40,680
great question so in the presentation

1250
00:57:46,160 --> 00:57:43,950
you heard the students talk about the

1251
00:57:48,109 --> 00:57:46,170
the what we call the abundance and

1252
00:57:49,880 --> 00:57:48,119
diversity of microbes at the different

1253
00:57:51,799 --> 00:57:49,890
field sites and in their experimental

1254
00:57:55,130 --> 00:57:51,809
set up in the lab and in what we call

1255
00:57:57,680 --> 00:57:55,140
these winogradsky columns so they did do

1256
00:57:59,420 --> 00:57:57,690
they took samples of their winogradsky

1257
00:58:00,980 --> 00:57:59,430
columns they looked at them under the

1258
00:58:03,620 --> 00:58:00,990
microscope and what they were doing is

1259
00:58:05,540 --> 00:58:03,630
they were looking at you know was there

1260
00:58:07,910 --> 00:58:05,550
a lot of biomass was the growth really

1261
00:58:09,710 --> 00:58:07,920
robust and abundant and also the

1262
00:58:11,720 --> 00:58:09,720
diversity how many different types of

1263
00:58:13,430 --> 00:58:11,730
cells did they see and they saw very

1264
00:58:15,740 --> 00:58:13,440
distinctive differences between the

1265
00:58:19,400 --> 00:58:15,750
different field sites so as you heard

1266
00:58:21,319 --> 00:58:19,410
the students say at the more neutral pH

1267
00:58:23,180 --> 00:58:21,329
and lower temperature sites they saw the

1268
00:58:25,280 --> 00:58:23,190
greatest amount of diversity the most

1269
00:58:27,440 --> 00:58:25,290
amount of different types of cells and

1270
00:58:29,780 --> 00:58:27,450
the greatest amount of biomass because

1271
00:58:32,720 --> 00:58:29,790
those conditions were pretty favorable

1272
00:58:34,640 --> 00:58:32,730
favorable for growth as you went to the

1273
00:58:37,130 --> 00:58:34,650
more extreme sites like the alkaline

1274
00:58:39,020 --> 00:58:37,140
site or doubles kitchen the abundance

1275
00:58:40,400 --> 00:58:39,030
and the diversity tended to decrease a

1276
00:58:43,099 --> 00:58:40,410
little bit because those are fairly

1277
00:58:44,539 --> 00:58:43,109
challenging conditions to grow in and so

1278
00:58:47,420 --> 00:58:44,549
the students did see discrete

1279
00:58:50,120 --> 00:58:47,430
differences in in the microscopy and I'm

1280
00:58:51,740 --> 00:58:50,130
sure that had they had the chance they

1281
00:58:54,950 --> 00:58:51,750
would have presented some images of that

1282
00:58:57,319 --> 00:58:54,960
I just want to say that last year of the

1283
00:59:03,109 --> 00:58:57,329
year before they actually had the

1284
00:59:04,789 --> 00:59:03,119
audacity or the the insight to actually

1285
00:59:07,069 --> 00:59:04,799
stick their smartphones right up to the

1286
00:59:08,299 --> 00:59:07,079
eyelet eyepiece of the microscope and I

1287
00:59:10,630 --> 00:59:08,309
thought this isn't going to work

1288
00:59:12,710 --> 00:59:10,640
and they just got wonderful images

1289
00:59:14,180 --> 00:59:12,720
that's something I never would have

1290
00:59:16,070 --> 00:59:14,190
attempted and this was why you get young

1291
00:59:18,020 --> 00:59:16,080
people involved in science

1292
00:59:20,180 --> 00:59:18,030
they get outside the box and do things

1293
00:59:23,150 --> 00:59:20,190
we wouldn't have dreamed about but yeah

1294
00:59:25,449 --> 00:59:23,160
the guy got some great pictures using

1295
00:59:28,759 --> 00:59:25,459
that method

1296
00:59:31,459 --> 00:59:28,769
all right fantastic next question is

1297
00:59:37,029 --> 00:59:31,469
from Trevor Breckenridge he asks where

1298
00:59:43,660 --> 00:59:40,509
well it really depends on the student

1299
00:59:45,970 --> 00:59:43,670
you know

1300
00:59:47,380 --> 00:59:45,980
the second-year interns are seniors in

1301
00:59:49,390 --> 00:59:47,390
there they're branching out there

1302
00:59:54,220 --> 00:59:49,400
they'll be leaving us here in a couple

1303
00:59:57,310 --> 00:59:54,230
months and going off to school and it's

1304
01:00:00,520 --> 00:59:57,320
wide range in the past we've had

1305
01:00:04,770 --> 01:00:00,530
students you know leave this program and

1306
01:00:07,450 --> 01:00:04,780
go as far away as Notre Dame

1307
01:00:09,430 --> 01:00:07,460
you know there's they're just spread out

1308
01:00:13,620 --> 01:00:09,440
across the country really as far as

1309
01:00:17,950 --> 01:00:13,630
colleges go I'm still waiting for the

1310
01:00:21,610 --> 01:00:17,960
invite to you know a next in turn just

1311
01:00:24,190 --> 01:00:21,620
like PhD you know or Nobel Prize

1312
01:00:26,620 --> 01:00:24,200
ceremony or something like that it that

1313
01:00:28,450 --> 01:00:26,630
hasn't quite happened yet but but I'm

1314
01:00:30,370 --> 01:00:28,460
hopeful that these before they're

1315
01:00:32,560 --> 01:00:30,380
leaving us now you know not to put

1316
01:00:35,650 --> 01:00:32,570
pressure on you know all you guys out

1317
01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:35,660
Kesey and ask me Katie and Sahil don't

1318
01:00:39,700 --> 01:00:37,610
put pressure on you but but I will

1319
01:00:43,180 --> 01:00:39,710
expect a front row seat at your Nobel

1320
01:00:44,200 --> 01:00:43,190
Prize ceremony when you get something

1321
01:00:47,260 --> 01:00:44,210
okay

1322
01:00:50,350 --> 01:00:47,270
but really the the opportunities are

1323
01:00:54,580 --> 01:00:50,360
endless when when we look at the fact

1324
01:00:56,590 --> 01:00:54,590
that this is a unique program it has

1325
01:01:00,010 --> 01:00:56,600
carried some weight and allowed students

1326
01:01:02,530 --> 01:01:00,020
to go out and experience things a wide

1327
01:01:04,060 --> 01:01:02,540
range places and and it's really just up

1328
01:01:05,140 --> 01:01:04,070
to them as far as where they want to go

1329
01:01:08,110 --> 01:01:05,150
and what they want to do when they get

1330
01:01:09,880 --> 01:01:08,120
there I'd add something to that it's a

1331
01:01:11,140 --> 01:01:09,890
lot of these students come in with sort

1332
01:01:13,690 --> 01:01:11,150
of an interest in science and technology

1333
01:01:15,130 --> 01:01:13,700
but you know these are broad fields and

1334
01:01:16,780 --> 01:01:15,140
I think one of the thing I've noticed

1335
01:01:19,540 --> 01:01:16,790
over the years is it allows them to

1336
01:01:22,540 --> 01:01:19,550
identify which and areas of science or

1337
01:01:24,280 --> 01:01:22,550
which aspects of and technology really

1338
01:01:26,860 --> 01:01:24,290
sort of interested in minuend sometimes

1339
01:01:28,720 --> 01:01:26,870
it's hard for a student to take that

1340
01:01:30,850 --> 01:01:28,730
step unless they experience sort of

1341
01:01:33,910 --> 01:01:30,860
hands-on immersion experiences things

1342
01:01:36,040 --> 01:01:33,920
and so we like to think that this course

1343
01:01:38,680 --> 01:01:36,050
amongst other experiences will have will

1344
01:01:41,790 --> 01:01:38,690
just help really make the connection

1345
01:01:44,260 --> 01:01:41,800
between an interest and a profession

1346
01:01:46,930 --> 01:01:44,270
yeah I was just gonna kind of follow

1347
01:01:49,030 --> 01:01:46,940
that up in terms of other opportunities

1348
01:01:50,800 --> 01:01:49,040
that are out there nASA has other

1349
01:01:53,320 --> 01:01:50,810
internship opportunities for

1350
01:01:53,970 --> 01:01:53,330
undergraduates and graduate students and

1351
01:02:00,450 --> 01:01:53,980
and

1352
01:02:02,520 --> 01:02:00,460
can try to put in the chat window for

1353
01:02:03,780 --> 01:02:02,530
other internship opportunities so

1354
01:02:06,410 --> 01:02:03,790
there's an opportunity again for

1355
01:02:08,460 --> 01:02:06,420
sustained exposure and mentoring to

1356
01:02:13,470 --> 01:02:08,470
different NASA science and engineering

1357
01:02:15,750 --> 01:02:13,480
programs yeah just a final comment I

1358
01:02:18,090 --> 01:02:15,760
found that the sooner students can get

1359
01:02:19,830 --> 01:02:18,100
involved in a research experience or a

1360
01:02:22,380 --> 01:02:19,840
hands-on experience like this the more

1361
01:02:24,870 --> 01:02:22,390
assertive and proactive they are about

1362
01:02:26,220 --> 01:02:24,880
taking the next steps in their career

1363
01:02:27,480 --> 01:02:26,230
you know they've already been through a

1364
01:02:28,859 --> 01:02:27,490
challenge sort of professional

1365
01:02:31,010 --> 01:02:28,869
experience and it really gives them a

1366
01:02:33,570 --> 01:02:31,020
more generally more self-confidence in

1367
01:02:35,849 --> 01:02:33,580
making key decisions down the room and

1368
01:02:40,140 --> 01:02:35,859
the whole importance of being able to

1369
01:02:42,060 --> 01:02:40,150
engage in critical thinking I have a lot

1370
01:02:43,560 --> 01:02:42,070
of good advice in there Trevor Falls

1371
01:02:45,000 --> 01:02:43,570
that up with the comment great

1372
01:02:46,980 --> 01:02:45,010
presentation by the way wonderful

1373
01:02:49,590 --> 01:02:46,990
information and production value Thank

1374
01:02:52,170 --> 01:02:49,600
You Trevor next questions from Fred and

1375
01:02:55,050 --> 01:02:52,180
ol jr. are there any seasonal changes in

1376
01:02:59,420 --> 01:02:55,060
the microbial life summer compared to

1377
01:03:03,349 --> 01:03:01,609
I don't know if students are prepared to

1378
01:03:06,859 --> 01:03:03,359
answer that one because we didn't one

1379
01:03:11,410 --> 01:03:06,869
field trip in September but I'll be

1380
01:03:21,290 --> 01:03:16,640
know that Dave had talked about that in

1381
01:03:25,210 --> 01:03:21,300
different seasons the water the ice or

1382
01:03:27,559 --> 01:03:25,220
water can change slightly in temperature

1383
01:03:29,000 --> 01:03:27,569
I'm not quite sure about anything else

1384
01:03:33,859 --> 01:03:29,010
but I do know that temperature can have

1385
01:03:38,079 --> 01:03:33,869
a huge effect on microbes so I think

1386
01:03:42,130 --> 01:03:38,089
that there is probably a change in

1387
01:03:47,450 --> 01:03:42,140
abundance and maybe diversity as well

1388
01:03:48,349 --> 01:03:47,460
with each season so yeah Nicki you got a

1389
01:03:52,040 --> 01:03:48,359
follow-up on that

1390
01:03:53,420 --> 01:03:52,050
oh I thought that was a great answer and

1391
01:03:55,460 --> 01:03:53,430
you know the students were at a

1392
01:03:58,309 --> 01:03:55,470
disadvantage of this year because just

1393
01:04:00,559 --> 01:03:58,319
as we were going to do our winter slash

1394
01:04:03,170 --> 01:04:00,569
spring snowshoeing trip to sample a bit

1395
01:04:06,079 --> 01:04:03,180
sulfur works everything was shut down

1396
01:04:07,849 --> 01:04:06,089
due to Koba 19 so the students didn't

1397
01:04:10,819 --> 01:04:07,859
have an opportunity to observe that this

1398
01:04:12,920 --> 01:04:10,829
year but yes there can be changes in

1399
01:04:14,660 --> 01:04:12,930
temperature across the seasons but also

1400
01:04:16,849 --> 01:04:14,670
there can be a change in light intensity

1401
01:04:18,770 --> 01:04:16,859
so during the winter months as we all

1402
01:04:20,630 --> 01:04:18,780
know things get a little bit darker the

1403
01:04:22,700 --> 01:04:20,640
Sun angles a little bit lower and that

1404
01:04:24,650 --> 01:04:22,710
can impact some of these photosynthetic

1405
01:04:27,079 --> 01:04:24,660
microbes and we can actually see quite a

1406
01:04:29,410 --> 01:04:27,089
significant decrease in growth across

1407
01:04:35,559 --> 01:04:29,420
the seasons but Katy gave a great answer

1408
01:04:39,740 --> 01:04:37,760
okay and there's the mute button okay

1409
01:04:43,130 --> 01:04:39,750
moving along our next question comes

1410
01:04:45,349 --> 01:04:43,140
from Tim Drury he asks have any

1411
01:04:46,940 --> 01:04:45,359
discoveries from the Rovers on Mars made

1412
01:04:50,089 --> 01:04:46,950
you want to take a closer look at

1413
01:04:52,220 --> 01:04:50,099
specific sites data in Warner Valley how

1414
01:04:56,380 --> 01:04:52,230
our findings in both areas possibly

1415
01:04:58,670 --> 01:04:56,390
similar well when we first selected

1416
01:05:01,099 --> 01:04:58,680
lassen and Warner Valley we were really

1417
01:05:04,339 --> 01:05:01,109
focusing in on the hot springs because

1418
01:05:06,440 --> 01:05:04,349
the discoveries made by the spirit rover

1419
01:05:08,720 --> 01:05:06,450
said wow you know we're finding these

1420
01:05:11,839 --> 01:05:08,730
fossil equivalents of these sites on

1421
01:05:13,549 --> 01:05:11,849
Mars and so wouldn't it be great to you

1422
01:05:16,069 --> 01:05:13,559
know pick Warner Valley as a site but

1423
01:05:18,170 --> 01:05:16,079
then as it turned out and especially

1424
01:05:20,990 --> 01:05:18,180
with the curiosity mission and now as it

1425
01:05:24,980 --> 01:05:21,000
turns out with the Mars 2020 Rover

1426
01:05:27,559 --> 01:05:24,990
mission these sites where you just have

1427
01:05:29,120 --> 01:05:27,569
streams and and deposits in water and

1428
01:05:31,400 --> 01:05:29,130
and and those types of things they're

1429
01:05:34,430 --> 01:05:31,410
also becoming really exciting places and

1430
01:05:36,290 --> 01:05:34,440
so we've actually it's actually deepened

1431
01:05:38,329 --> 01:05:36,300
our appreciation for Warner Valley as a

1432
01:05:40,130 --> 01:05:38,339
field site because it not only has the

1433
01:05:42,500 --> 01:05:40,140
hot springs at different flavors by the

1434
01:05:45,380 --> 01:05:42,510
way the acidic ones and the more

1435
01:05:47,150 --> 01:05:45,390
alkaline types but also the mainstream

1436
01:05:51,200 --> 01:05:47,160
itself and other features which really

1437
01:05:54,620 --> 01:05:51,210
makes Water Valley a sort of a real menu

1438
01:05:56,780 --> 01:05:54,630
of options to make you know sort of

1439
01:05:59,960 --> 01:05:56,790
relationships with Mars

1440
01:06:02,089 --> 01:05:59,970
so basically streams and deltas and

1441
01:06:03,829 --> 01:06:02,099
lakes and stuff as well as hot spring

1442
01:06:06,289 --> 01:06:03,839
environments these are sort of the

1443
01:06:09,079 --> 01:06:06,299
leading candidates for places to explore

1444
01:06:12,530 --> 01:06:09,089
on Mars and the types of observations we

1445
01:06:14,059 --> 01:06:12,540
make at lassen indicate that amongst the

1446
01:06:15,950 --> 01:06:14,069
different types of hot springs are

1447
01:06:18,049 --> 01:06:15,960
amongst the different types of deposits

1448
01:06:19,880 --> 01:06:18,059
in water which which ones are more

1449
01:06:22,010 --> 01:06:19,890
promising and you're a little bit about

1450
01:06:24,289 --> 01:06:22,020
the presentation tonight but that is

1451
01:06:29,190 --> 01:06:24,299
certainly relevant to our future site

1452
01:06:35,380 --> 01:06:32,350
great thank you Dave Krista tails

1453
01:06:36,310 --> 01:06:35,390
pointing out interned acid gov thank you

1454
01:06:38,740 --> 01:06:36,320
Chris

1455
01:06:41,680 --> 01:06:38,750
friend null jr. has a question from his

1456
01:06:42,280 --> 01:06:41,690
daughter she asks how did they hike that

1457
01:06:44,860 --> 01:06:42,290
far

1458
01:06:48,000 --> 01:06:44,870
how did they stay outside overnight what

1459
01:06:54,450 --> 01:06:48,010
did they eat yeah

1460
01:07:12,790 --> 01:06:58,090
who would like to gladwyn so first off

1461
01:07:24,040 --> 01:07:15,590
well I guess maybe it didn't really

1462
01:07:30,710 --> 01:07:26,080
somebody in this presentation talked

1463
01:07:37,509 --> 01:07:33,520
you

1464
01:07:44,120 --> 01:07:41,539
well our high quiz it wasn't that long

1465
01:07:47,569 --> 01:07:44,130
it was actually pretty nice it had just

1466
01:07:49,969 --> 01:07:47,579
rained and so it was really cool and

1467
01:07:53,180 --> 01:07:49,979
really nice - Wow

1468
01:07:54,559 --> 01:07:53,190
take the hike we actually our group of

1469
01:07:57,019 --> 01:07:54,569
mainstream when we were walking back I

1470
01:07:58,640 --> 01:07:57,029
think it was the first day we like saw

1471
01:08:05,299 --> 01:07:58,650
it deer in the field so it was actually

1472
01:08:08,120 --> 01:08:05,309
a pretty nice walk and so um we walked

1473
01:08:09,890 --> 01:08:08,130
the whole hike on our first date

1474
01:08:13,939 --> 01:08:09,900
- all the field sites and then on the

1475
01:08:15,199 --> 01:08:13,949
second day we just went to our own field

1476
01:08:20,780 --> 01:08:15,209
sites ah

1477
01:08:24,050 --> 01:08:20,790
and also they Vickie and Mike also

1478
01:08:32,019 --> 01:08:24,060
brought a lot of nice suit and they did

1479
01:08:36,319 --> 01:08:32,029
a really nice trip and mr. Michael - hey

1480
01:08:37,399 --> 01:08:36,329
I'm just gonna ask so for maybe some of

1481
01:08:39,410 --> 01:08:37,409
the students that was their first time

1482
01:08:42,620 --> 01:08:39,420
camping and I'm gonna guess it was the

1483
01:08:44,959 --> 01:08:42,630
first time for all of you hearing an

1484
01:08:49,999 --> 01:08:44,969
astrobiology presentation given at the

1485
01:08:52,849 --> 01:08:50,009
campsite with DES bringing out a screen

1486
01:08:54,950 --> 01:08:52,859
and a laptop and a way to project it

1487
01:09:03,649 --> 01:08:54,960
that was kind of fun and hooking up to

1488
01:09:04,930 --> 01:09:03,659
somebody's car battery for power okay

1489
01:09:07,160 --> 01:09:04,940
great thanks so much

1490
01:09:11,059 --> 01:09:07,170
Nikki Mike Dave how many more questions

1491
01:09:14,269 --> 01:09:11,069
or do you wanna take uh well I think

1492
01:09:16,339 --> 01:09:14,279
maybe we should do there what do you

1493
01:09:24,079 --> 01:09:16,349
think mr. Roybal yeah maybe maybe one or

1494
01:09:26,629 --> 01:09:24,089
two more one more great great before

1495
01:09:30,220 --> 01:09:26,639
that uh Linda Janka has a comment the

1496
01:09:35,269 --> 01:09:32,439
relating your answers please make sure

1497
01:09:36,649 --> 01:09:35,279
okay

1498
01:09:38,899 --> 01:09:36,659
the presentation came through clear and

1499
01:09:40,939 --> 01:09:38,909
was great so thank you Linda she also

1500
01:09:42,950 --> 01:09:40,949
has a question to the students did you

1501
01:09:45,169 --> 01:09:42,960
enjoy yourselves will any of you want to

1502
01:09:50,329 --> 01:09:45,179
pursue a career in science great

1503
01:09:54,560 --> 01:09:51,890
yeah I can speak from personal

1504
01:09:55,910 --> 01:09:54,570
experience that I had a lot of fun in

1505
01:09:57,819 --> 01:09:55,920
this class and I also feel like I

1506
01:10:02,060 --> 01:09:57,829
learned there's a great incorporation of

1507
01:10:03,680 --> 01:10:02,070
fun while also learning a lot about a

1508
01:10:06,350 --> 01:10:03,690
topic of signs that I'd never been

1509
01:10:08,779 --> 01:10:06,360
exposed to in school and I knew I always

1510
01:10:10,700 --> 01:10:08,789
wanted to at least I think I want to

1511
01:10:16,450 --> 01:10:10,710
study science in the future in her class

1512
01:10:16,460 --> 01:10:19,290
you

1513
01:10:28,000 --> 01:10:25,840
tonight DZ I definitely will be going

1514
01:10:31,500 --> 01:10:28,010
into the field of science and science

1515
01:10:33,939 --> 01:10:31,510
and engineering my I'm going to be

1516
01:10:37,000 --> 01:10:33,949
attending Oregon State University in the

1517
01:10:38,740 --> 01:10:37,010
fall hopefully and I will be in the

1518
01:10:41,140 --> 01:10:38,750
major viral resource engineering so

1519
01:10:45,970 --> 01:10:41,150
definitely it has impacted me a lot

1520
01:10:51,640 --> 01:10:48,850
and I believe a schmee sahil are also

1521
01:10:55,810 --> 01:10:51,650
gonna be majoring in science next year

1522
01:10:58,360 --> 01:10:55,820
well um because interested in sharing a

1523
01:11:01,750 --> 01:10:58,370
little bit am I remembering correctly I

1524
01:11:04,479 --> 01:11:01,760
could be misremembering there no you're

1525
01:11:08,130 --> 01:11:04,489
correct I plan to major in biological

1526
01:11:12,280 --> 01:11:08,140
sciences so and NASA definitely helped

1527
01:11:25,570 --> 01:11:12,290
pave the path for me in my inspiration

1528
01:11:32,180 --> 01:11:30,470
okay well I guess we are I've reached

1529
01:11:34,700 --> 01:11:32,190
the end of questions and so the last

1530
01:11:37,400 --> 01:11:34,710
thing that we're gonna do is a little

1531
01:11:39,260 --> 01:11:37,410
bit anti-climatic I realized through a

1532
01:11:42,950 --> 01:11:39,270
virtual thing but we're gonna try to

1533
01:11:46,550 --> 01:11:42,960
award certificates of completion kind of

1534
01:11:48,710 --> 01:11:46,560
a diploma birthday to our interns for

1535
01:11:50,750 --> 01:11:48,720
having wrapped up and ended and done an

1536
01:11:53,740 --> 01:11:50,760
amazing job this year throughout the

1537
01:11:57,170 --> 01:11:53,750
program and so with that I'm going to

1538
01:11:59,390 --> 01:11:57,180
leave this to Mike kuba and he's gonna

1539
01:12:03,920 --> 01:11:59,400
be in charge of awarding these

1540
01:12:05,000 --> 01:12:03,930
certificates it's a lot mr. Michael so

1541
01:12:06,860 --> 01:12:05,010
yeah this is the part of the

1542
01:12:08,180 --> 01:12:06,870
presentation where normally we would be

1543
01:12:10,520 --> 01:12:08,190
standing up on stage handing out

1544
01:12:11,750 --> 01:12:10,530
diplomas obviously we can't do that

1545
01:12:15,020 --> 01:12:11,760
tonight

1546
01:12:16,910 --> 01:12:15,030
so we will essentially just acknowledge

1547
01:12:19,250 --> 01:12:16,920
the students I will show the certificate

1548
01:12:21,680 --> 01:12:19,260
and acknowledge their participation and

1549
01:12:23,930 --> 01:12:21,690
unfortunately we won't get to we hand it

1550
01:12:25,400 --> 01:12:23,940
to them shake their hands but before I

1551
01:12:27,650 --> 01:12:25,410
do that since this is the part where we

1552
01:12:30,200 --> 01:12:27,660
acknowledge the you know the students

1553
01:12:33,500 --> 01:12:30,210
and the mentors participation I very

1554
01:12:35,210 --> 01:12:33,510
quickly want to acknowledge the help and

1555
01:12:36,920 --> 01:12:35,220
assistance of some of the people who

1556
01:12:39,110 --> 01:12:36,930
made this possible tonight first of all

1557
01:12:41,540 --> 01:12:39,120
Mike Natori on thanks so much for

1558
01:12:44,210 --> 01:12:41,550
everything you've done for us I know we

1559
01:12:46,070 --> 01:12:44,220
could not have done this without you so

1560
01:12:49,910 --> 01:12:46,080
thanks so much for your for your

1561
01:12:51,830 --> 01:12:49,920
participation and also shout out to Blue

1562
01:12:53,540 --> 01:12:51,840
Marble space institute of science for

1563
01:12:56,060 --> 01:12:53,550
hosting the live feed we really

1564
01:12:59,600 --> 01:12:56,070
appreciate that support as well and

1565
01:13:01,880 --> 01:12:59,610
thanks of course to trying to try to

1566
01:13:03,890 --> 01:13:01,890
shout out the people that haven't gotten

1567
01:13:06,740 --> 01:13:03,900
a shout out yet thanks especially to you

1568
01:13:08,870 --> 01:13:06,750
know support from headquarters for the

1569
01:13:12,110 --> 01:13:08,880
you know the 12 years of support for

1570
01:13:13,720 --> 01:13:12,120
this program we greatly appreciate it so

1571
01:13:17,150 --> 01:13:13,730
moving on from there we'll go ahead and

1572
01:13:19,340 --> 01:13:17,160
hand hand out the awards or hand out the

1573
01:13:22,970 --> 01:13:19,350
certificates we'll start with the first

1574
01:13:24,650 --> 01:13:22,980
year students and you don't have to get

1575
01:13:26,450 --> 01:13:24,660
up or say anything or do anything if you

1576
01:13:28,160 --> 01:13:26,460
want to you know if you want to you're

1577
01:13:31,720 --> 01:13:28,170
welcome to but know no pressure

1578
01:13:35,690 --> 01:13:31,730
so I'm gonna share my screen here we go

1579
01:13:38,120 --> 01:13:35,700
see if this works it worked before that

1580
01:13:40,970 --> 01:13:38,130
looking good can everybody see the

1581
01:13:45,740 --> 01:13:40,980
yep yeah Mike can you fullscreen that

1582
01:13:48,970 --> 01:13:45,750
sure I think I can let's try no I can't

1583
01:13:54,670 --> 01:13:48,980
hang on hell it's pretty good pretty big

1584
01:13:58,340 --> 01:13:55,880
there we go

1585
01:13:59,060 --> 01:13:58,350
awesome thanks done thanks so much Mike

1586
01:14:02,990 --> 01:13:59,070
appreciate it

1587
01:14:07,640 --> 01:14:03,000
that worked for us though well I don't

1588
01:14:11,180 --> 01:14:07,650
think it could be any bigger okay sorry

1589
01:14:14,450 --> 01:14:11,190
about that so let's make sure first yeah

1590
01:14:16,610 --> 01:14:14,460
so um yeah so these are the certificates

1591
01:14:18,680 --> 01:14:16,620
basically the you know sniff cough

1592
01:14:20,960 --> 01:14:18,690
completion or diploma if you will that

1593
01:14:22,460 --> 01:14:20,970
we hand to the students they are

1594
01:14:24,680 --> 01:14:22,470
unsigned at this point because we

1595
01:14:26,420 --> 01:14:24,690
couldn't coordinate that rapidly enough

1596
01:14:28,610 --> 01:14:26,430
but they will be signed will they'll be

1597
01:14:31,340 --> 01:14:28,620
sent out and signed to each student sent

1598
01:14:32,810 --> 01:14:31,350
to their homes so I'm just gonna go

1599
01:14:34,130 --> 01:14:32,820
ahead and read this out the first one

1600
01:14:36,650 --> 01:14:34,140
I'll read and then we'll read off the

1601
01:14:39,320 --> 01:14:36,660
name so you can see it says astrobiology

1602
01:14:41,960 --> 01:14:39,330
student intern program award to in this

1603
01:14:43,880 --> 01:14:41,970
case Fletcher bocce on today's date for

1604
01:14:45,290 --> 01:14:43,890
your outstanding performance commitment

1605
01:14:47,270 --> 01:14:45,300
and dedication in support of the

1606
01:14:50,120 --> 01:14:47,280
partnership between Lassen Volcanic

1607
01:14:51,920 --> 01:14:50,130
National Arts NASA Ames Research Center

1608
01:14:53,600 --> 01:14:51,930
and red bluff high school in the

1609
01:14:56,180 --> 01:14:53,610
collection of scientific data through

1610
01:14:58,040 --> 01:14:56,190
laboratory and field work this work has

1611
01:15:00,230 --> 01:14:58,050
increased our understanding of lassen in

1612
01:15:02,330 --> 01:15:00,240
ways that will enhance astrobiology as

1613
01:15:04,520 --> 01:15:02,340
well as the mission of the National

1614
01:15:08,780 --> 01:15:04,530
Aeronautics and Space Administration in

1615
01:15:10,370 --> 01:15:08,790
the National Park Service so again like

1616
01:15:12,380 --> 01:15:10,380
to present this one to Fletcher Bucky

1617
01:15:16,580 --> 01:15:12,390
Fletcher great job this year thank you

1618
01:15:21,650 --> 01:15:16,590
so much next award goes to Dean

1619
01:15:23,450 --> 01:15:21,660
Breckinridge Dean great great work hey

1620
01:15:24,500 --> 01:15:23,460
Mike Skinner I don't think the slides

1621
01:15:26,570 --> 01:15:24,510
are changing so maybe you have to hit

1622
01:15:28,160 --> 01:15:26,580
escape and just scroll old-fashioned

1623
01:15:31,310 --> 01:15:28,170
style sorry about that

1624
01:15:33,680 --> 01:15:31,320
that's okay thanks for the heads up okay

1625
01:15:35,930 --> 01:15:33,690
good yeah it's working now okay cool

1626
01:15:38,870 --> 01:15:35,940
thanks yeah so Dean Breckenridge just

1627
01:15:40,640 --> 01:15:38,880
like I said next is Mary courier Mary

1628
01:15:41,870 --> 01:15:40,650
nice work really good job this year

1629
01:15:45,740 --> 01:15:41,880
thanks so much for being a part of the

1630
01:15:48,650 --> 01:15:45,750
program next is Lachlan Dean

1631
01:15:50,060 --> 01:15:48,660
Lockley a nice job thanks so much great

1632
01:15:51,589 --> 01:15:50,070
great work this year and thanks for

1633
01:15:54,660 --> 01:15:51,599
being part of the program

1634
01:15:55,350 --> 01:15:54,670
next up is freesia geillis freesia

1635
01:15:57,029 --> 01:15:55,360
Thanks

1636
01:15:59,299 --> 01:15:57,039
thanks again for your participation it

1637
01:16:02,970 --> 01:15:59,309
was a lot of fun working with you

1638
01:16:08,419 --> 01:16:02,980
next is Grace Gallagher thank you so

1639
01:16:14,850 --> 01:16:08,429
much grace next up is Reese Gambetta

1640
01:16:20,340 --> 01:16:14,860
thank you grease okay and Ilana Garrity

1641
01:16:23,310 --> 01:16:20,350
nice job Lana next up is Emma Hale Thank

1642
01:16:31,640 --> 01:16:27,180
next is Alisa Harrison thanks a lot

1643
01:16:37,810 --> 01:16:31,650
Alisa great work this year Brayden Klein

1644
01:16:37,820 --> 01:16:41,810
Andreea marques

1645
01:16:47,159 --> 01:16:45,779
Samantha Paul oh and that's and that's

1646
01:16:49,290 --> 01:16:47,169
the end of the first year student so I

1647
01:16:50,879 --> 01:16:49,300
just want to say thanks to all the

1648
01:16:53,489 --> 01:16:50,889
first-year students you guys all did a

1649
01:16:55,169 --> 01:16:53,499
really wonderful job and for those

1650
01:17:00,179 --> 01:16:55,179
listening out there I think mr. Michael

1651
01:17:02,159 --> 01:17:00,189
touched on this but you know just I I

1652
01:17:05,810 --> 01:17:02,169
have to hand it to you all for your

1653
01:17:09,290 --> 01:17:05,820
dedication to making this happen tonight

1654
01:17:12,089 --> 01:17:09,300
this was you know a challenge that you

1655
01:17:14,699 --> 01:17:12,099
overcame with with beauty and grace it

1656
01:17:15,719 --> 01:17:14,709
was amazing so next up second-year

1657
01:17:18,719 --> 01:17:15,729
students

1658
01:17:20,639 --> 01:17:18,729
TC Timothy Drury TC thank you so much

1659
01:17:22,709 --> 01:17:20,649
for your participation these last two

1660
01:17:26,189 --> 01:17:22,719
years you have really done a wonderful

1661
01:17:28,529 --> 01:17:26,199
job in the program and we really look

1662
01:17:32,250 --> 01:17:28,539
forward to seeing where you go in the

1663
01:17:37,310 --> 01:17:32,260
future and and hearing from you thank

1664
01:17:41,129 --> 01:17:37,320
you so much TC nice work kay Lewis L

1665
01:17:42,689 --> 01:17:41,139
again great job we helping to lead the

1666
01:17:44,669 --> 01:17:42,699
class thank you so much for your

1667
01:17:46,379 --> 01:17:44,679
participation in these last two years

1668
01:17:48,479 --> 01:17:46,389
it's a really excellent job we look

1669
01:17:49,229 --> 01:17:48,489
forward to seeing and hearing from you

1670
01:17:53,399 --> 01:17:49,239
in the future

1671
01:17:56,939 --> 01:17:53,409
a schmee car again

1672
01:18:00,659 --> 01:17:56,949
great work I've never in my life had

1673
01:18:03,479 --> 01:18:00,669
such an amazing video performed for us

1674
01:18:05,369 --> 01:18:03,489
as you did as you helped engineer last

1675
01:18:07,469 --> 01:18:05,379
year that was really just that was

1676
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:07,479
outstanding and thanks so much for your

1677
01:18:12,830 --> 01:18:09,010
participation in the program and your

1678
01:18:18,649 --> 01:18:15,410
and last hill saying Sahil great work

1679
01:18:21,649 --> 01:18:18,659
again really appreciate your your effort

1680
01:18:23,120 --> 01:18:21,659
and all of your of your dedication to

1681
01:18:26,330 --> 01:18:23,130
program these two years we really

1682
01:18:28,850 --> 01:18:26,340
appreciate it you did a great job so

1683
01:18:31,310 --> 01:18:28,860
we'll move on to the mentors the two

1684
01:18:32,870 --> 01:18:31,320
mentors we would like to acknowledge

1685
01:18:35,270 --> 01:18:32,880
tonight I'm actually gonna start with

1686
01:18:38,660 --> 01:18:35,280
Tammy Boyd first I'll end with mr.

1687
01:18:40,220 --> 01:18:38,670
Michael but Tammy thanks so much for

1688
01:18:43,129 --> 01:18:40,230
your participation in the program it's

1689
01:18:44,770 --> 01:18:43,139
been wonderful having you aboard and for

1690
01:18:47,959 --> 01:18:44,780
those that don't know this is Tammy's

1691
01:18:50,870 --> 01:18:47,969
first year I believe I believe we saw

1692
01:18:53,330 --> 01:18:50,880
her this last summer but yeah you know

1693
01:18:55,100 --> 01:18:53,340
welcome aboard thank you so much for all

1694
01:18:56,359 --> 01:18:55,110
of your contributions to the program and

1695
01:18:59,959 --> 01:18:56,369
we're really looking forward to working

1696
01:19:02,629 --> 01:18:59,969
with you again next year and last of

1697
01:19:04,280 --> 01:19:02,639
course but not least is mr. Michael mr.

1698
01:19:07,970 --> 01:19:04,290
Michael thank you so much for your

1699
01:19:11,390 --> 01:19:07,980
continued support of this program 12

1700
01:19:13,550 --> 01:19:11,400
years has gone by very fast and I'm this

1701
01:19:16,070 --> 01:19:13,560
program has grown tremendously with your

1702
01:19:20,540 --> 01:19:16,080
assistance in leadership so thank you so

1703
01:19:22,609 --> 01:19:20,550
much thank you for always finding the

1704
01:19:25,580 --> 01:19:22,619
best and the brightest that the school

1705
01:19:27,620 --> 01:19:25,590
has we're never disappointed and this

1706
01:19:30,550 --> 01:19:27,630
year is no exception so this has been

1707
01:19:32,959 --> 01:19:30,560
really wonderful so thank you so much

1708
01:19:35,540 --> 01:19:32,969
for all of your hard work we really

1709
01:19:39,379 --> 01:19:37,250
and yeah I think that pretty much

1710
01:19:41,479 --> 01:19:39,389
summarizes the evening for those

1711
01:19:44,149 --> 01:19:41,489
students who are still online with us um

1712
01:19:47,270 --> 01:19:44,159
I just want to say there's a I was gonna

1713
01:19:49,280 --> 01:19:47,280
give a shout out also to another effort

1714
01:19:52,310 --> 01:19:49,290
the blue marble space is to do science

1715
01:19:56,240 --> 01:19:52,320
makes which is saggin that org so it's

1716
01:19:58,100 --> 01:19:56,250
essentially an outreach program by early

1717
01:20:01,450 --> 01:19:58,110
career astrobiologists and it's a great

1718
01:20:06,050 --> 01:20:01,460
way to kind of stay involved in

1719
01:20:07,939 --> 01:20:06,060
astrobiology it's sort of at a public

1720
01:20:09,649 --> 01:20:07,949
informational level so if you guys are

1721
01:20:12,290 --> 01:20:09,659
you know if you've enjoyed what you've

1722
01:20:13,580 --> 01:20:12,300
done here and want to stay involved as

1723
01:20:16,100 --> 01:20:13,590
you go to college especially if it's

1724
01:20:22,810 --> 01:20:16,110
stuck in your students but for for those

1725
01:20:29,780 --> 01:20:27,230
et org and it's a great resource for you

1726
01:20:33,770 --> 01:20:29,790
- oh it's a great resource for you to be

1727
01:20:36,380 --> 01:20:33,780
access so anyway thank you again and I

1728
01:20:38,600 --> 01:20:36,390
think that perhaps that then Mike did

1729
01:20:40,790 --> 01:20:38,610
you have anything you wanted to follow

1730
01:20:43,050 --> 01:20:40,800
up with

1731
01:20:45,150 --> 01:20:43,060
let me just make a quick comment these

1732
01:20:47,010 --> 01:20:45,160
will be signed before they're accepted

1733
01:20:49,020 --> 01:20:47,020
before the students receive them but

1734
01:20:51,240 --> 01:20:49,030
again the logistics of this current

1735
01:20:54,720 --> 01:20:51,250
situation that delay that until after

1736
01:20:58,850 --> 01:20:54,730
presentation tonight but otherwise yeah

1737
01:21:06,120 --> 01:21:02,810
well thank you all for for participating

1738
01:21:08,189 --> 01:21:06,130
again I to reiterate what I said at the

1739
01:21:12,300 --> 01:21:08,199
beginning we all really hope that

1740
01:21:14,040 --> 01:21:12,310
everyone's safe and sound and and taking

1741
01:21:16,500 --> 01:21:14,050
care of yourselves and those around you

1742
01:21:18,840 --> 01:21:16,510
and we really appreciate the support

1743
01:21:23,010 --> 01:21:18,850
that all of you given this program and

1744
01:21:26,220 --> 01:21:23,020
and we're hoping that for that support

1745
01:21:29,220 --> 01:21:26,230
to continue and yeah just just thank you

1746
01:21:30,870 --> 01:21:29,230
for everything and that being said if

1747
01:21:32,700 --> 01:21:30,880
you have any questions that come up or

1748
01:21:35,490 --> 01:21:32,710
whatever feel free to reach out and

1749
01:21:37,740 --> 01:21:35,500
we'll do the best we can to to answer

1750
01:21:40,110 --> 01:21:37,750
them and I think with that I'm just

1751
01:21:41,010 --> 01:21:40,120
we're just gonna end it so have a good

1752
01:21:43,910 --> 01:21:41,020
evening everybody

1753
01:21:54,130 --> 01:21:43,920
and we will see you again next year